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The history of modern Europe is a history of continuous reappropriation and transformation of the ancient Greek and Roman heritage. Modernity understands itself in opposition to classical times, but also as a reactualization of classical symbols, texts, and values. This course will focus on several key moments of that process, mainly from Germany and Catalonia: from Winckelmann's and Goethe's invention of the classical South and Nietzsche's discovery of Dionysian irrationality to the emergence of modern Catalan culture in figures such as Joan Maragall, Antoni Gaudi, Salvador Dalí, and Carles Riba. This historical overview will give rise to reflections on the politics of culture, the ideology of universalism, the modern conception of history, and the identities of the modern self.