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151 - 160 of 236 results for: all courses

OSPOXFRD 29: Artificial Intelligence and Society

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform society in a way that has not been seen before. AI can bring many positive benefits, such as allowing ideas to more flexibly cross language barriers, improve medical outcomes, and enhance the safety and efficiency of our transportation systems. However, as with the introduction with other technologies, there is the potential of negative consequences, such as job insecurity and the introduction of vulnerabilities that come with greater levels of automation. We will delve deeply into the core issues at stake that comes with the greater integration of AI into society. The course will be composed of discussion and guest lectures from industry leaders and academics associated with Oxford. Assignments include readings, class presentations, individual research projects, and essays. Field trips will include visits to London and Edinburgh.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER

OSPOXFRD 85: Practical Ethics for Artificial Intelligence

AI has attracted significant attention in the last year, initially due to the release of ChatGPT, followed by backlash and efforts at creating effective regulation. Questions of ethics underlie every aspect of AI, beginning with the question of whether it is even coherent to speak of an intelligence other than humans. This course presents current ethical issues in the development and application of artificial intelligence through a series of recent case studies. We will spend the first part of the course studying major ethical frameworks (consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics) and closely-linked research areas within AI and machine learning. In the second part of the course, we will apply these principles to case studies from major areas of debate in AI, with a focus on the translation of ethical principles into practical decisions.The first examples from AI we will cover are existential risks in the context of utilitarianism, the "hidden" labour force of AI in the context of deo more »
AI has attracted significant attention in the last year, initially due to the release of ChatGPT, followed by backlash and efforts at creating effective regulation. Questions of ethics underlie every aspect of AI, beginning with the question of whether it is even coherent to speak of an intelligence other than humans. This course presents current ethical issues in the development and application of artificial intelligence through a series of recent case studies. We will spend the first part of the course studying major ethical frameworks (consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics) and closely-linked research areas within AI and machine learning. In the second part of the course, we will apply these principles to case studies from major areas of debate in AI, with a focus on the translation of ethical principles into practical decisions.The first examples from AI we will cover are existential risks in the context of utilitarianism, the "hidden" labour force of AI in the context of deontology, and the problem of replacing humans in the context of virtue ethics. For the case studies, we will first study fairness and bias in the training and deployment of machine learning models. We will ask what it means for an AI system to be "fair", and how to regulate models which are not interpretable. This is followed by the problems of copyright and large scale training datasets for generative AI models, where we will ask what constitutes unfair use of existing material when it is only being used to train. We continue in a more hypothetical lens with a discussion of whether or not an AI system could be a moral agent or patient, and what rights a non-human intelligence might have. Finally, we conclude with the alignment problem, where we focus on the practical challenges of value alignment and the plausibility of finding a set of values which could be universally accepted. In the last week of the course, students apply their learnings with group presentations on published academic research, unpacking the ethical questions underlying technical developments
Terms: Win | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER
Instructors: Bean, A. (PI)

OSPPARIS 22: Exploring Sustainability: Ecological, Economics and Environmental Humanities

Sustainability, which in broad terms aims at advancing human well-being within planetary boundaries, is a vital necessity in the 21st century but also a 'wicked problem' that demands to be studied from different angles. This innovative class offers two perspectives on sustainability: first, it pairs ecological economics with environmental humanities to allow for an interdisciplinary approach of sustainability's challenges; second, it offers a practical perspective on sustainability focused on the city of Paris to apply analytical insights on the ground and convert theory into sustainable practices. The course aims at equipping students with sustainability analytical toolbox from an ecological economics and environmental humanities perspectives: students will learn the fundamental of sustainability economics as well as put them in perspective with the help of philosophy, literature and art. Students will also learn, within the 'Paris sustainability lab' how to apply sustainability tools more »
Sustainability, which in broad terms aims at advancing human well-being within planetary boundaries, is a vital necessity in the 21st century but also a 'wicked problem' that demands to be studied from different angles. This innovative class offers two perspectives on sustainability: first, it pairs ecological economics with environmental humanities to allow for an interdisciplinary approach of sustainability's challenges; second, it offers a practical perspective on sustainability focused on the city of Paris to apply analytical insights on the ground and convert theory into sustainable practices. The course aims at equipping students with sustainability analytical toolbox from an ecological economics and environmental humanities perspectives: students will learn the fundamental of sustainability economics as well as put them in perspective with the help of philosophy, literature and art. Students will also learn, within the 'Paris sustainability lab' how to apply sustainability tools on the ground by engaging in a practical sustainability challenge facing Paris; energy, water supply, climate risks, social and environmental inequality, the Seine flooding, etc. Each of the 10 two hours and a half session will be organized as follows: 1 hour lecture on ecological economics; 30 minutes counterpoint on environmental humanities; 15 minutes break and 45 minutes of 'Paris sustainability lab' with a student presentation and collective Forum on sustainability challenges facing the city of Paris.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER, WAY-SI

PHIL 2: Introduction to Moral Philosophy (ETHICSOC 20)

What should I do with my life? What kind of person should I be? How should we treat others? What makes actions right or wrong? What is good and what is bad? What should we value? How should we organize society? Is there any reason to be moral? Is morality relative or subjective? How, if at all, can such questions be answered? Intensive introduction to theories and techniques in contemporary moral philosophy.
Terms: Aut | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-EthicReas, WAY-A-II, WAY-ER

PHIL 8N: Free Will and Responsibility

In what sense are we, or might we be free agents? Is our freedom compatible with our being fully a part of the same natural, causal order that includes other physical and biological systems? What assumptions about freedom do we make when we hold people accountable morally and/or legally? When we hold people accountable, and so responsible, can we also see them as part of the natural, causal order? Or is there a deep incompatibility between these two ways of understanding ourselves? What assumptions about our freedom do we make when we deliberate about what to do? Are these assumptions in conflict with seeing ourselves as part of the natural, causal order?We will explore these and related questions primarily by way of careful study of recent and contemporary philosophical research on these matters.
Last offered: Spring 2023 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II, WAY-ER

PHIL 13: Humanities Core: Great Books, Big Ideas -- Europe, Modern (FRENCH 13, HISTORY 239C, HUMCORE 13)

What is a good life? How should society be organized? Who belongs? How should honor, love, sin, and similar abstractions govern our actions? What duty do we owe to the past and future? This course examines tcourse examines these questions in the modern period, from the rise of revolutionary ideas to the experiences of totalitarianism and decolonization in the twentieth century. Authors include Locke, Mary Shelley, Marx, Nietzsche, Primo Levi, and Frantz Fanon. This course is part of the Humanities Core, a collaborative set of global humanities seminars that brings all of its students and faculty into conversation. On Mondays you meet in your own course, and on Wednesdays all the HumCore seminars (in session that quarter) meet together: https://humanitiescore.stanford.edu/.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | UG Reqs: WAY-A-II, WAY-ER

PHIL 13N: Justice across Borders

Most people are not your fellow citizens. (Over 95% of human beings, for example, are not Americans.) What do you owe to them as a matter of justice? What do they owe to you? Should you save a foreigner's life instead of buying luxuries for yourself? Should you boycott 'fast fashion' produced by exploited workers abroad? Should universities divest from fossil fuels? How can a country like the United States justify forcefully preventing anyone from crossing its borders? Is anything absolutely prohibited to win a war? When examining such issues, we need to start with facts¿facts about poverty, inequality, climate change, immigration, etc. After surveying the basic facts, we will use philosophical readings to focus and deepen our discussions of what justice requires across borders. Some of the topics we discuss will be chosen on the basis of students' interests.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER
Instructors: Wenar, L. (PI)

PHIL 24S: Free Will & Moral Responsibility

Do we have free will? Are we morally responsible for our conduct? In this course we will explore debates from roughly the past 50 years between philosophers who defend the common sense view that we do have free will and are sometimes morally responsible for our conduct and philosophers who argue that we do not have free will or are not morally responsible for our behavior. In turn, we will explore practical applications of these debates, such as reasons to change (or not) our social practices and ways of relating to one another, such as the kinds of angry blame that are commonplace in ordinary relationships, and the role of incarceration and punishment in our legal system.
Last offered: Summer 2023 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER

PHIL 25Q: Digital Privacy and Ethics

Introductory Seminar. Preference to sophomores; first-year students admitted if space available. Advance sign-up process and deadlines at http://introsems.stanford.edu
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER

PHIL 72: Contemporary Moral Problems (ETHICSOC 185M, POLISCI 134P)

In this course, we will discuss the body as a site of moral and political conflict. Here are a few of the questions that will be explored: People are encouraged to become kidney donors, but we still don't have enough kidneys for everybody who needs one. Should you be allowed to sell a kidney? Suppose Robert is dying of a rare disease and the only thing that could save his life is a bone marrow transplant from his cousin David, but David doesn't want to donate. Should we force him to "donate"? Some people say a woman should be free to make abortion decisions on whatever grounds she wants, including prenatal genetic testing for conditions like Down syndrome; others condemn such selective abortion as an unacceptable form of eugenics. What genetic testing information, if any, should be allowed to influence a woman's decision about whether to terminate a pregnancy? In addition to these normative questions, we will also study related questions in constitutional law. When the Supreme Court decided that abortion was a constitutional right in Roe v. Wade, on what legal reasoning did they base their decision? When they decided to overturn Roe in the recent Dobbs v. Jackson, what legal reasoning did they use then? How will Dobbs affect other (current) constitutional rights?
Terms: Spr | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER:EC-EthicReas, WAY-ER
Instructors: Mapps, M. (PI)
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