531 - 540 of 873 results for: LAW

The collection, use and marketing of personal data are ubiquitous in the digital age. This seminar will explore the diverse legal regimes regulating personal data--including privacy, property and security--and the imperfect nature of their protections. Legal rules are rapidly evolving to address, if not resolve, the inevitable conflicts between privacy, property and security in relation to personal data. Laws have been enacted and new ones are under consideration at the national, state and even municipal levels, as well as around the world. Norms are emerging to guide these conflicts in the operation of business. Technology is evolving that can facilitate the protection, or accelerate the exploitation, of personal data. At the heart of all these developments is the question, who owns and controls personal data in the digital age. The same piece of data may in different hands raise different expectations. As an example, A may have a privacy expectation that her purchase from an online marketplace is no one's business but her own. B, the app that served as intermediary between the buyer and seller, may have a property or contract expectation that it owns the metadata and other information about A's buying habits. C, a government agency, may have a security interest in collecting or unearthing the details of A's purchase of particular items. This same triad of interests is implicated across a wide variety of highly sensitive personal data, such as location information, facial recognition and medical results. This seminar will explore these data rules, norms, technologies and conflicts through three sessions of lecture and interactive exercises addressed to privacy, property and security, respectively; four sessions devoted to presentations from leading representatives of consumer, corporate and government interests, with questioning by students in the class; and two sessions devoted to discussion of student answers to problem sets, focusing on an exploration of the privacy-property-security conflict and on forward-looking solutions to the protection of personal data. Elements used in grading: Attendance, class participation, research papers. CONSENT APPLICATION: To apply for this course, students must complete and submit a Consent Application Form available on the SLS Registrar website https://registrar.law.stanford.edu/. Click SUNetID Login in the top right corner of the page and then click the "Consent Courses" tab. See Consent Application Form for instructions and submission deadline. Cross-listed with International Policy ( INTLPOL 362).

Examination of recent developments in computing technology and platforms through the lenses of philosophy, public policy, social science, and engineering. Course is organized around four main units: algorithmic decision-making and bias; data privacy and civil liberties; the power of private computing platforms; and the impact of generative AI. Each unit considers the promise, perils, rights, and responsibilities at play in technological developments. Prerequisite: CS106A. Elements used in grading: Attendance, class participation, written assignments, and coding assignments. Cross-listed with Communication ( COMM 180), Computer Science ( CS 182), Ethics in Society ( ETHICSOC 182), Philosophy ( PHIL 82), Political Science ( POLISCI 182), Public Policy ( PUBLPOL 182).

Internet platforms like Google and Facebook play an enormous role in our online speech and information environment today. This class will review the intermediary liability laws that shape platforms' decisions about online content, and examine how successfully those laws achieve their goals. Students will be encouraged to think pragmatically about the legal, operational, and product design choices platforms may make in response to particular laws, drawing on the instructor's experience handling such questions as Associate General Counsel at Google. Readings and discussions will focus primarily on current US law, with some attention to European laws and to proposed or pending legislation. Important themes of the class include Constitutional and human rights constraints on intermediary liability laws; legal limits (or lack thereof) on platforms' enforcement of privatized speech rules under their Community Guidelines or Terms of Service; global enforcement of national laws requiring platforms to remove content; and connections between platform liability and other areas of law such as consumer protection or privacy. Students will be responsible for three written assignments. The longest will be a final paper of 15 pages. The other two will both be short responses to the week's reading. Up to three students, with consent of instructor, will have the option to write an independent research paper for 3 units. After the term begins, students (max 3) accepted into the course can transfer from section (01) into section (02), which meets the R requirement, with consent of the instructor. Students will be graded based on Attendance, Class Participation, Written Assignments, and a Final Paper. Admission to the class is based on lottery, but in admitting students from the waitlist the instructor may prioritize based on students' degree programs.

This course aims to give students a solid understanding of the most common types of attacks used in cybercrime and cyberwarfare. Taught by a long-time cybersecurity practitioner, a recovering cyberlaw litigator, and a group of hearty, motivated TAs, each session will begin with a lecture covering the basics of an area of technology and how that technology has been misused in the past. Students will then complete a lab section, with the guidance of the instructor and assistants, where they attack a known insecure system using techniques and tools seen in the field. Each week, there will be a second lecture on the legal and policy impacts of the technologies and techniques we cover. By the end of the course, students are expected to have a basic understanding of some of the most common offensive techniques in use today as well as a comprehensive overview of the most important aspects of cyberpolicy and law. No computer science background is required. All students must have access to a Windows, Mac OS X or Linux laptop. Students must enroll in the lecture as well as one Computer Lab (Lab meets 50 minutes once a week). Special Instructions: This class is limited to 120 students with 30 spots for SLS students. If more than 30 SLS students wish to enroll, instructor permission is required. Elements used in grading: Class participation, written assignments, take-home midterm, and a final exam. Cross-listed with International Policy ( INTLPOL 268). Law students see INTLPOL listing for Computer Lab section meeting times.

Advances in machine learning, big data, networked communications, and computing are transforming our world and fueling calls for regulation. This course--a joint venture of a Stanford law professor and a former Member of the European Parliament and leading voice on tech regulation--offers a global perspective on the profound legal and governance challenges posed by the new digital technologies. Students will emerge with an understanding of how tech is reshaping the global distribution of political authority, rights, and resources, the existing state of law and regulation in the U.S., Europe, China, and elsewhere, and the new democratic governance models that are emerging in response. Each class session will feature one or more distinguished speakers from around the world drawn from the ranks of government officials, judges, activists, and academics who work in the fields of human rights, privacy, free speech, trade, and national security. There are no course prerequisites, whether in law or otherwise. Students will be responsible for one-page responses to each week's readings and a research paper to be turned in at the spring paper deadline. Students can take the course for 2 or 3 units, depending on research paper length. This class is cross-listed with International Policy ( INTLPOL 253) and undergraduates and graduates are eligible to take it. Stanford Non-Law students may enroll in INTLPOL 253 directly in Axess. Non-law students wishing to enroll in LAW 4050 should complete the Non-Law Student Add Request form available at https://law.stanford.edu/education/courses/non-law-students/ for a permission number to enroll. Elements used in grading: Attendance, Class Participation, Written Assignments, Final Paper.

Internet platforms like Google and TikTok play an enormous role in our online speech and information environment today. This class will review the laws that shape platforms' decisions about online content, with a focus on intermediary liability laws like the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), Communications Decency Act Section 230 (CDA 230), and the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA), and will also consider constitutional and human rights issues. The majority of course material will be from the U.S., but some will explore international models and in particular laws in the European Union. Some classes will explore the impact of related areas of law, including privacy law, and some will go beyond current legal models to explore forward-looking legislative and policy proposals. Important themes of the class include constitutional and human rights constraints on intermediary liability laws; legal limits (or lack thereof) on platforms' enforcement of privatized speech rules under their Community Guidelines or Terms of Service; global enforcement of national laws requiring platforms to remove or carry content; and tensions between the goals of intermediary liability law and those of privacy, competition, and other legal frameworks. Students will be encouraged to think pragmatically about the legal, operational, and product design choices platforms may make in response to particular laws, drawing on the instructor's experience handling such questions as Associate General Counsel in charge of Google Web Search. Student responsibilities and elements used in grading: Students will be responsible for (1) posting a TBD number of reading response comments or questions to a class discussion board (the number will be set once class size is clear but will not exceed six posts, due twelve hours before class meets on the relevant day, they can be very brief and informal); (2) participating in class discussion, potentially including discussion of points raised in your written questions; and (3) either completing a final examination or, for law students, writing a paper. Some of the final class days will combine discussion of assigned class material and presentations by students writing papers. Only five students may write papers, and the paper option is available only to law students. MIP Students: The course is open to law students in year 2L and above, and students in the Masters in International Policy (MIP) program. Twenty-five students will be admitted, with an effort made to have 20 students from the law school admitted by lottery ( LAW 4051) and 5 from MIP admitted by instructor consent. MIP students may apply for consent to enroll in LAW.4051 by submitting a Non-Law Student Add Request Form available at https://law.stanford.edu/education/courses/non-law-students/ by November 17, 2025. Non-Law Student Add Request Forms received after the deadline will be reviewed on a rolling basis until the class is full. The class meeting and examination dates will follow the law school calendar, which is different from the MIP program calendar. It is available at https://law.stanford.edu/education/courses/calendar-deadlines/. In admitting law students from the waitlist the instructor may prioritize based on students' degree programs. Papers: Five law students may write a paper in lieu of the final exam with consent of the instructor. Papers will be eligible for Law School R credit. After the term begins, students accepted into the course can transfer from the exam section (01) into the paper section (02), with consent of the instructor. Cross-listed with International Policy ( INTLPOL 361).

This course examines the landscape of AI governance in an era of unprecedented technological acceleration. Since the deep learning revolution, AI has advanced at a remarkable pace, with frontier AI demonstrating rapidly expanding capabilities in recent years, leading some experts to predict the arrival of artificial general intelligence (AGI) in the coming decade. The development of AI systems will have transformative effects across multiple domains--reshaping the personal, economic, and political lives of citizens, reconfiguring societies, and altering geopolitical dynamics. By focusing on "governance" rather than simply "policy" or "ethics," we examine the full spectrum of mechanisms shaping AI design, deployment, and dissemination: from formal legal regulations enacted by governments, such as the EU AI Act and U.S. Executive Orders, to the professional norms, standards, and responsibilities emerging from technical communities and AI experts. The course takes a dual perspective, analyzing both domestic governance structures within nations and the evolving landscape of global governance arrangements necessary for managing AI's cross-border implications. The course will cover the AI policy debates related to balancing innovation and safety in a variety of contexts, from autonomous vehicles and weapons, to social media and elections. Cross-cutting themes will include: how law and policy affect the way important societal decisions are justified; the balance of power and responsibility between humans and machines in different settings; the incorporation of multiple values into AI decision-making frameworks; the interplay of norms and formal law; technical complexities that may arise as society scales deployment of AI systems; AI's implications for transnational law and governance and geopolitics; and similarities and differences to other domains of human activity raising regulatory trade-offs and affected by technological change Students will engage with historical analogues, present-day legal and policy debates, technical governance problems, and emerging oversight models across democratic, authoritarian, and multilateral contexts. Taught by a multi-disciplinary team (a law professor, a political philosopher, and a computer scientist) there will be technical assignments and policy memos and analysis. Technical knowledge or familiarity with AI is not a prerequisite; however, several of the lectures will teach the necessary technical background. Requirements: The course involves a considerable amount of reading plus active classroom discussion. Elements used in grading: Requirements include attendance, class participation, several policy briefs throughout the quarter and a final paper. After the term begins, students accepted into the course can transfer, with consent of the instructor, from section (01) into section (02), which meets the R requirement. Cross-listed with Communication ( COMM 152A/252A), Computer Science ( CS 283), Global Studies ( GLOBAL 245B), International Policy ( INTLPOL 245B), and Political Science ( POLISCI 145B/445B).

This course explores the complex legal and policy challenges posed by false and misleading information online. Students will examine how such content affects election integrity, public health, climate security, and the spread of inflammatory rumors during armed conflict and widespread human rights violations. The class will analyze a range of responses, including private sector content moderation practices, governmental regulatory efforts in the U.S. and Europe, and recent court cases. Students will engage with the tension between combating harmful content and protecting freedom of expression. The course will also consider how advances in artificial intelligence--both as a tool for analyzing and moderating content and as a generator of synthetic media--are transforming the broader online information landscape and the legal and governance frameworks that seek to manage it. Along with the faculty, guest speakers from academia and industry thought leaders will present on these topics, followed by a discussion. In addition, students will analyze real-world dilemmas confronting policymakers through practical case studies and will assume the role of a policymaker from either the private sector, the government, or a non-governmental organization as part of each class. Special Instructions: Up to five Law students, with the consent of the instructors, will have the option to write an independent research paper for Law School Research (R) credit. For students in this section (02), the research paper will replace the Final Policy Memo. All other elements used in grading will apply. Students taking the course for R credit can take the course for either 2 or 3 units, depending on the paper length. Elements used in grading: Attendance, Class Participation, Written Assignments; Final Policy Memo or Final Research Paper. CONSENT APPLICATION: To apply for this course, students must complete and submit a Consent Application Form available at https://forms.gle/SZqA9gvHKwsDugsM8 by 11:59pm November 24, 2025.. Applications received after the deadline will be reviewed on a rolling basis until the class is full. Cross-listed with International Policy ( INTLPOL 363).

Last October, the House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law released its long-awaited report "Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets." Following a 16-month investigation into the state of online competition, the 450-page report analyzed the market power of Facebook, Google, Amazon and Apple, and concluded that "online platforms' dominance carries significant costs. It has diminished consumer choice, eroded innovation and entrepreneurship in the U.S. economy, weakened the vibrancy of the free and diverse press, and undermined Americans' privacy." The report included recommendations on restoring competition in the digital economy and strengthening antitrust laws and enforcement. The new Congress and the new Administration are expected to continue this work and advance proposals to reform the market. This reading group will be devoted to an analysis of the state of online competition and potential remedies by studying the House report, as well as related actions and litigation. It will include deep dives into the specific allegations against Facebook, Google, Amazon and Apple, potential remedies as to each, and other potential reforms to further competition in digital markets. The reading group will meet every other week starting in week 1 (i.e., weeks 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) on Thursdays from 5 PM to 7 PM. It does not require an antitrust background, just interest in gaining a deeper understanding of the issues. Grading (MP/R/F) will be based on attendance and class participation. Enrollment will be limited to 10 students, with consent of the instructor. To apply for this course, students should send a brief statement explaining their interest and relevant background, if any, to the instructor at tomrubin@stanford.edu. Applications are due by March 21, though earlier submissions are welcome. Elements used in grading: Attendance, Class Participation.