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GES 181: Metamorphic Processes

For juniors, seniors, and beginning graduate students in Earth Sciences. Thermodynamics and phase equilibria of multiple component systems; use of phase equilibria to determine pressure and temperature of metamorphic assemblages; geochronology of metamorphic rocks; heat flow in the lithosphere; links between tectonics and metamorphism; and the role of heat and mass transfer in the Earth's crust and mantle. Labs emphasize identification of metamorphic rocks and minerals for common pelitic and basic rocks and interpretation of rock textures. May be taken for 3 units without lab. Prerequisites: 102, 103, or consent of instructor.
| UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci

GES 182: Field Seminar on Continental-Margin Volcanism

For juniors, seniors, and graduate students in the earth sciences and archeology. One weekend-long, and two one-day field trips to study Cenozoic volcanism associated with subduction and with passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction off the west coast of California: Mt. Lassen/Mt. Shasta/Modoc plateau; Clear Lake/Sonoma volcanics; Pinnacles National Monument. Andesite and basalt lavas, cinder cones, mixed magmas, blast deposit, debris avalanches, volcanic mudflows, hydrologic controls of springs in volcanic terrains, hydrothermal alteration and modern geothermal systems, Hg mineralization, obsidian source. Prerequisite: 1, 80 or equivalent.

GES 185: Volcanology

For juniors, seniors, and beginning graduate students in Earth Sciences and Archaeology. How volcanic landforms and deposits relate to the composition and physical properties of magmas and the modes of emplacement. Labs emphasize recognizing types of lavas and products of explosive eruptions. Volcanic hazards and the effects of eruptions on climate and the atmosphere; volcanic-hosted geothermal systems and mineral resources. Required four-day field trip over Memorial Day weekend to study silicic and mafic volcanism associated with the western margin of the Basin and Range province. Prerequisite: 1, 102 or equivalent.
| UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci

GES 186: Geoarchaeology (GES 286)

For juniors, seniors, and beginning graduate students with interests in archaeology or geosciences. Geological concepts, techniques, and data in the study of artifacts and the interpretation of the archaeological record. Topics include: sediments and soils; sedimentary settings of site formation; postdepositional processes that disturb sites; paleoenvironmental reconstruction of past climates and landscapes using plant and animal remains and isotopic studies; raw materials (minerals, metals, stone, shells, clay, building materials) and methods used in sourcing; estimating age based on stratigraphic and radiometric techniques. Weekly lab; weekend field trip to local archaeological/geological site.
| UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci

GES 209: Microstructures

Microstructures in metamorphic rocks reveal temperature, pressure, and rates of deformation in the crust and variations in its thermo-mechanical behavior. Topics include the rheology of rocks and minerals, strain partitioning, shear zones and brittle-ductile transition in the crust, mechanisms of foliation and lineation development, preferred crystallographic fabrics, and geochronologic methods useful for dating deformation. Labs involve microstructure analysis of suites of rocks from classic localities. 5 units for extra project.

GES 210: Geologic Evolution of the Western U.S. Cordillera

The geologic and tectonic evolution of the U.S. Cordillera based on its rock record through time. This region provides good examples of large-scale structures and magmatic activity generated during crustal shortening, extension, and strike-slip faulting and affords opportunity to study crustal-scale processes involved in mountain building in context of plate tectonic motions.

GES 213: Topics in Sedimentary Geology

For upper division undergraduates and graduate students. Topics vary each year but the focus is on current developments and problems in sedimentary geology, sedimentology, and basin analysis. These include issues in deep-water sediments, their origin, facies, and architecture; sedimentary systems on the early Earth; and relationships among tectonics, basin development, and basin fill. May be repeated for credit.
| Repeatable for credit

GES 214: Topics in Paleobiology

For upper division undergraduates and graduate students. Topics vary each year; focus is on paleontological, sedimentological, and geochemical approaches to the history of life. Topics may include: mass extinction events; evolutionary radiations; the history of global biodiversity; links between evolutionary histories of primary producers and consumers; and the quality of the fossil record. Term paper. May be repeated for credit.
| Repeatable for credit

GES 217: Faults, Fractures, and Fluid Flow

Process-based approach to rock failure; the microstructures and overall architectures of the failure products including faults, joints, solution seams, and types of deformation bands. Fluid flow properties of these structures are characterized with emphasis on sealing and transmitting of faults and their role in hydrocarbon flow, migration, and entrapment. Case studies of fracture characterization experiments in aquifers, oil and gas reservoirs, and waste repository sites. Guest speakers; weekend field trip. Prerequisite: first-year graduate student in Earth Sciences.

GES 221: What Makes a Habitable Planet? (GES 121)

Physical processes affecting habitability such as large impacts and the atmospheric greenhouse effect, comets, geochemistry, the rise of oxygen, climate controls, and impact cratering. Detecting and interpreting the spectra of extrasolar terrestrial planets. Student-led discussions of readings from the scientific literature. Team taught by planetary scientists from NASA Ames Research Center.
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