GERLIT 16N:
Music, Myth, and Modernity: Wagner's Ring Cycle and Tolkien's Lord of the Rings (MUSIC 16N)
Preference to freshmen. Roots of Wagner's operatic cycle and Tolkien's epic trilogy in a common core of Norse, Germanic, and Anglo-Saxon mythology. The role of musical motive and characterization in Wagner's music dramas and the film version of Tolkien's trilogy. Music as a key element in the psychological, political, and cultural revision of ancient myth in modern opera and film.
Last offered: Spring 2010
| Units: 3
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-GlobalCom
GERLIT 110:
Women and Protest Literature in Twentieth Century Germany and China (COMPLIT 136)
An examination of works of fiction by women writers in German and China, the authors' responses to similar conditions such as the rise of Communism, and their treatment of gender, modernity, tradition, identity, and individual vs. collective interests. Readings are in English translation. Film adaptations are viewed and discussed as well.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 120:
Law, Justice, and the Literary Imagination
Have law and poetry "risen from the same bed," as Jakob Grimm suggested in his essay "Von der Poesie im Recht"? Are there intrinsic connections between the legal and the literary? We will explore the ways in which narrative and drama articulate the relationship between law and justice, and represent the crisis of the legal system. The course aims at enhancing reading fluency and textual analysis skills. Readings include texts by Schiller, Kleist, Kafka, Wedekind, and Brecht.
Terms: Spr
| Units: 4
GERLIT 123N:
The Brothers Grimm and Their Fairy Tales
Preference to freshmen. Historical, biographical, linguistic, and literary look at the Kinder- and Hausmärchen of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Readings from the fairy tales, plus materials in other media such as film and the visual arts. Small group performances of dramatized fairy tales. In German. Prerequisite: GERLANG 3 or equivalent.
Terms: Spr
| Units: 1-4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 124:
Introduction to German Poetry (GERLIT 224)
Introduction to the reading and interpretation of lyrical poetry from the 18th century to present. Major poets writing in German including Gryphius, Goethe, Hölderlin, Novalis, Eichendorff, Heine, Rilke, Lasker-Schüler, Trakl, Benn, Celan, Brecht, Enzensberger, and Falkner. Close reading technique. Interpretive tools and theoretical concepts. Poetic form, voice, figural language, and the interaction of sensory registers. In German.
Terms: Aut
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
GERLIT 131:
Goethe: Poetic Vision and Vocation in the Age of Reason
Introduction to Goethe¿s major works, reading across genres of poetry, drama, the novel, and autobiography; critical writings on art, nature, and aesthetics. Central trends in Goethe¿s thought; the interrelatedness of poetic vision and philosophical thinking in his works. Goethe in relation to other intellectual and philosophical movements of the period, including romanticism.
Last offered: Winter 2009
| Units: 3-5
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
GERLIT 131C:
Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture
Key topics in the age of reason: how does the enlightenment contribute to rethinking of love, religion, power, and freedom. Cultural modernization and the emergence of aesthetic autonomy. Readings and discussions of major works from the classical age of German literature. Tests by Lessing, Goethe, and Schiller.
Terms: Aut
| Units: 4
GERLIT 132:
Nineteenth-Century Literature and Culture
Major authors including Kleist, Buechner, Keller, and Storm. Readings in German, discussion in German and English.
Terms: Win
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: WAY-A-II, WAY-SI
GERLIT 133:
Twentieth Century and Contemporary Literature and Culture
This course is designed to provide students with a representative overview of German literature, film and music from World War I to the early twenty-first century. It draws on major texts from many of the twentieth century's great literary and artistic movements, from Expressionism and New Objectivity, via the Gruppe 47 to pop art and postmodernism. In keeping with German Studies Department's new pilot program, this course will be taught in English and in German - particular periods or literary or cultural movements will be discussed in English, while individual text will be discussed (and read) entirely in German. German language proficiency is therefore assumed, as is some familiarity with the rough outlines of German history in the 20th century.
Terms: Win, Spr
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 189A:
Honors Research
Senior honors students enroll for 5 units in Winter while writing the honors thesis, and may enroll in 189B for 2 units in Spring while revising the thesis. Prerequisite: DLCL 189.
Terms: Win
| Units: 5
GERLIT 189B:
Honors Research
Open to juniors with consent of adviser while drafting honors proposal. Open to senior honors students while revising honors thesis. Prerequisites for seniors: 189A, DLCL 189.
Terms: Spr
| Units: 2
GERLIT 190:
German Capstone: Goethe's Faust
This course is designed to give German Studies majors, minors, and those who are especially interested in the field of change to grapple in depth with one of the central texts of the German literary tradition. For all ten weeks of the quarter, our focus will be on Goethe's two tragedies Faust I and II. We will not simply read these texts, but see them performed, listen to them, memorize and recite them. We will test out different ways of responding to them in writing. This course fulfills the WIM-requirement, and is required for undergraduate German majors wishing to take graduate seminars in future quarters. (WIM)
Terms: Win
| Units: 3-5
| UG Reqs: WAY-A-II
GERLIT 199:
Independent Reading
36 hours of reading per unit, weekly conference with instructor. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Terms: Aut, Win, Spr, Sum
| Units: 1-10
| Repeatable
for credit
GERLIT 224:
Introduction to German Poetry (GERLIT 124)
Introduction to the reading and interpretation of lyrical poetry from the 18th century to present. Major poets writing in German including Gryphius, Goethe, Hölderlin, Novalis, Eichendorff, Heine, Rilke, Lasker-Schüler, Trakl, Benn, Celan, Brecht, Enzensberger, and Falkner. Close reading technique. Interpretive tools and theoretical concepts. Poetic form, voice, figural language, and the interaction of sensory registers. In German.
Terms: Aut
| Units: 4
GERLIT 232:
Realistic Fictions (COMPLIT 239)
Realistic narratives in nineteenth-century literature. Structures of representation, temporality, and closure. Realism, history and political economy. Realism, modernism, and twentieth-century revisions. Texts by authors such as Keller, Stifter, Fontane, Seghers, Lukacs, and Adorno.
Terms: Aut
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 234:
The Bildungsroman and Other Biographical Fictions
Life hermeneutics practiced in the psychological novel, Bildungsroman, and autobiography. Intersections and contrasts among these genres. The origins of the notion of progress and its fictional translations; possibilities of historical and fictional closure; and the emergence of the novel's protagonist as a disciplinary subject. Authors include Augustine, Rousseau, Goethe, Moritz, and Keller.
Terms: Spr
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 242:
Narrative and Ethics (COMPLIT 226)
Major terms of narratology; how different literary, cinematic, and popular culture narratives raise ethical issues, stir public debates and contribute to understanding human values. Readings include Biblical texts, Antigone, Kleist, Kafka, Coetzee, V for Vendetta, South Park, Kant, Arendt, Nussbaum, Rorty, and Levinas.
Terms: Win
| Units: 3-5
| UG Reqs: GER:EC-EthicReas
GERLIT 246:
Memory, History, and the Contemporary Novel (COMPLIT 221)
How the watershed events of the 20th century, the philosophic linguistic turn, and the debate regarding the end of history left their mark on the novel. How does the contemporary novel engage with the past? How does its interest in memory and history relate to late- or postmodern culture of time or to political and ethical concerns? Novels by Toni Morrison, W. G. Sebald, J. M. Coetzee, Kazuo Ishiguro, and A. B. Yehoshua; theoretical works by Nietzsche, Freud, Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Fredric Jameson, Paul Ricoeur Awishai Margalit, and Walter Benn Michaels.
Terms: Aut
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 257:
Gothic
Introduction to the grammar, texts, and history of this earliest extensively-documented Germanic language, a relative of German and English. Issues surrounding the Germanic parent language.
Terms: Win, Spr
| Units: 4
GERLIT 298:
Individual Work
Open only to German majors and to students working on special projects, including written reports for internships. Honors students use this number for the honors essay. May be repeated for credit.
Terms: Aut, Win, Spr, Sum
| Units: 1-15
| Repeatable
for credit
GERLIT 369:
Introduction to Graduate Studies: Criticism as Profession (COMPLIT 369, FRENGEN 369, ITALGEN 369)
Major texts of modern literary criticism in the context of professional scholarship today. Readings of critics such as Lukács, Auerbach, Frye, Ong, Benjamin, Adorno, Szondi, de Man, Abrams, Bourdieu, Vendler, and Said. Contemporary professional issues including scholarly associations, journals, national and comparative literatures, university structures, and career paths.
Terms: Aut
| Units: 5
GERLIT 399:
Independent Study
Terms: Aut, Win, Spr, Sum
| Units: 1-15
| Repeatable
for credit
GERLIT 400:
Dissertation Research
For graduate students in German working on dissertations only.
Terms: Aut, Win, Spr, Sum
| Units: 1-12
| Repeatable
for credit
GERLIT 802:
TGR Dissertation
Terms: Aut, Win, Spr, Sum
| Units: 0
| Repeatable
for credit
GERLIT 120Q:
Is God Dead? (COMPLIT 50Q)
A consideration of Nietzsche's claim that God is dead in relation to other texts of German literature and philosophy. The status of religious faith in relation to modernity and secularization; religion and science; culture and faith. Readings in German include selections from sacred and liturgical texts; fictional depictions of religious experience; religion in poetry; German theories of religion. Authors to be studied include Rilke, Hesse, Weiss, Schöder, Buber, Sachs, Haecker, Weber, Taubes, Ratzinger.
| Units: 3-5
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 121:
THE VIENNESE COFFEEHOUSE
This seminar examines the cultural and literary significance of fin de siécle Vienna¿s most enduring symbol: the Coffeehouse. What was the function of the café in aesthetic, literary and political debates central to Vienna at the turn of the century? How did coffeehouse and newspaper culture influence developments in modernist prose? Texts by Hermann Bahr, Arthur Schnitzler, Karl Kraus, Peter Altenberg, Felix Salten, Sigmund Freud, Egon Friedell and Alfred Polgar, in English translation, original German texts available upon request.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 122:
Music, Poetry, and Prose
The goal of this class is to explore the relationship between music and literature. Looking at a range of literary and musical periods, how and to what effect did writers incorporate music into their texts? Conversely, how did composers transform literary texts by setting them to music? In addition to examining these questions from a cultural and historical standpoint, we will also take a closer look at the tension and interplay between music and text. Writers such as Luther, Schiller, Goethe, Heine, ETA Hoffmann, T. Mann and Brecht. Composers such as Bach, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Wagner, and Weill. In German.
| Units: 3-4
GERLIT 127:
Uncanny Literature in the Nineteenth Century
From ghost children and animated statues, the walking dead to machine women and doppelgangers, 19th-century German literature teems with things that go bump in the night. The history of this tradition of fantastic literature in Germany, its origins, main authors, and defining features. Authors include E.T.A. Hoffmann, Wilhelm Hauff, Friedrich Schiller, Joseph von Eichendorff and Jeremias Gotthelf. Readings and writing in German.
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 127A:
The German Ballad
This course charts the history of the German ballad, from Goethe and Schiller, to Romantic and Realist poets - additional reading will attempt to contextualize the German ballad in the European context. Musical ballads and song arrangements will also be considered.
| Units: 3-4
GERLIT 130:
Brecht and Modern Aesthetics
Bertolt Brecht's poetic and dramatic works, and analysis of his contribution to modern paradigms of poetic and dramatic practice. Readings in German include poetry, dramas such as Baal, Im Dickicht der Staedte, Die Dreigroschenoper, Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny, Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder, and theoretical writings on lyric poetry and drama.
| Units: 3
GERLIT 131A:
Immigrant/Minority Literature and the Emergence of Multiculturalism in Germany
Immigrant culture and literature in Germany across genres, including stories, drama, memoirs, and film. What do immigrants in Germany write about? What role does immigrant literary culture play in the formation of notions of cultural difference and dialogue? How do the dynamics of ethnic and cultural diversity influence concepts and notions of culture and nationhood in Germany?
| Units: 3
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 133Q:
Modernism and Fiction
Preference to sophomores. Innovative ideas and narrative forms in German modernism. International and specifically German features. Problems of narration. Texts such as Musil's Törless, Mann's Tod in Venedig, Kafka's Die Verwandlung, and Broch's Pasenow. Close reading technique. Prerequisite: reading knowledge of German.
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 135:
Outsiders and Outcasts: introduction to German Prose Fiction
Close reading and discussion of literary works by Hebel, Tieck, Kleist, Hoffmann, Heine, Keller, Storm, R. Walser, and Kafka. Attention paid to writers' divergent responses to the artistic, ethical, and political challenges of modernity. Readings, discussion, and writing assignments in German; length of assignments adjusted to students' linguistic competence. Prerequisite: German language sequence at Stanford or equivalent.
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 136:
Berlin Topographies in the 20th Century
Development of Berlin¿s spatial imaginaries from the boulevards of the late 19th century to the Weimar Republic's urban agendas, and to the repeated reconstructions by the Nazis, the GDR and Berlin Republic. Sources: Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer, Berthold Brecht, Peter Weiss, Mascha Kaleko, Peter Schneider, Blixa Bargeld, Wolf Biermann, Christoph Hein, Monika Maron, Thomas Hettche, and Wim Wenders. In German.
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 138:
Introduction to Germanic Languages (GERGEN 38A)
The oldest attested stages of the Germanic language family, including Gothic, Old Norse, Old Saxon, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Low Franconian (Old Dutch), and Old High German. The linguistic interrelationships, prehistory, Germanic tribal groupings, and literature.
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 139:
Love, Marriage and Passion in German Literature of the 19th and 20th Centuries (GERLIT 339)
The thesis that love relationships, in shifting social, cultural, and communication contexts, reflect and determine the dominant value system of a society. How the concepts of romantic, passionate, and pragmatic love evolved and competed with one another in texts by Goethe, Schlegel, Keller, Sacher-Masoch, Fontane, and Böll. In German.
| Units: 3-5
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 148:
Heart to Heart: Theories of Expression at the Turns of Two Centuries (GERLIT 248)
Paradigms of expression around 1800 and 1900, from Empfindsamkeit (sensibility) to German Expressionism. The heart that overflows into speech in the works of Klopstock, Goethe, Tieck, and Kleist, and the reformulation a century later of this idea as avant garde practice and modernist credo. Readings of poets, philosophers, and artists on relationships between inside and out, heart and voice, emotion and language, and self and art. Discussion in English.
| Units: 3-5
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 150C:
Postwar German Culture and Thought: 1945 to the Present (GERLIT 250C)
How German culture and thought confronted the legacy of National Socialism, German guilt, and the possibility of a new beginning. German culture and the memory of communism (the German Democratic Republic) after 1989. Fiction of Thomas Mann, Gunter Grass, Alexander Kluge, and Hans Ulrich Treichel; poetry of Paul Celan and Ingeborg Bachmann; philosophical essays of Martin Heidegger, Theodor Adorno, Jürgen Habermas; films of Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Florian Henkel (The Life of Others), and Oliver Hirschbiegel (Downfall).
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 151:
German Underworlds (GERLIT 251)
German theories about what lies beneath: is it hell or the subterranean foundations that keep the world from collapsing? Cosmic architecture and the question of the inferno in Kant, Novalis, Wagner, Marx, Freud, Kafka, and the films of Fritz Lang.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 163:
Readings in 19th-Century German Literature (GERLIT 263)
Works by Goethe, Tieck, Kleist, Hoffmann, Heine, Büchner, Grillparzer, Droste-Hülshoff, Stifter, and Keller. Their divergent responses to artistic, ethical, and political challenges of modernity. Prerequisite: GERLANG 3 or equivalent. In German.
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 197:
Theories of Art after Idealism (GERLIT 297)
Key responses to the failure of idealism to integrate artistic creation and aesthetic experience into a philosophical system. Works by Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Dilthey, and Lukács.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 206:
Narrative, Visuality, Memory (GERLIT 306)
Moments in the history of the relationship between verbal and visual: the classical ars memoriae; the ekphrasis debates of the 18th century; and the emergence of a new visuality and mnemonic art as structuring principles for modernist narrative. Authors include Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Augustine, Winkelmann, Lessing, Diderot, Goethe, Moritz, Flaubert, Rilke, and Proust.
| Units: 3-5
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 215:
Gottfried Benn and Francis Ponge: Mid-20th-Century European Poetry and the Problem of the Referent (FRENGEN 215)
Comparative readings of the two poets in their respective national contexts, with attention to biographical and poetological frameworks. Canonic status and scholarly reception histories. Renewed interest in their work with regard to their distinctive practices of connecting prosodic form and extra textual referents. Prerequisite: reading knowledge of German or French.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 217:
Hölderlin's Poetry (COMPLIT 217)
A discussion of key poems by Friedrich Hölderlin with regard to themes including the utopian fatherland as mythological landscape; the idea of the Greek gods; the concept of poetry as event; and the emphatic "now". The seminar also explores the relationship between the philosophy of history and poetic metaphor.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 219:
German Utopias and Dystopias in the 20th Century
This course investigates the fraught relationship of Geist and politics in 20th century visions of a utopian republic of letters, mostly from Germany¿s conservative intellectuals: The George-circle¿s idea of a ¿secret Germany,¿ the ¿conservative revolution¿ of Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Mann¿s Reflections of a Non-Political Man are the most influential such attempts at an aesthetic politics. Other texts instead interrogate and at times parody their attempts, for instance Hesse¿s Glass Bead Game and Arno Schmidt¿s Egghead Republic.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 223:
Literary Diaries of Classic Modernity (COMPLIT 223)
Focus is on self-analysis in works of key modern writers. Since Montaigne's Essais and Rousseau's Confessions, analysis of the self has been a central topic for modern literature. Texts include Baudelaire's Intimate Journals, Kafka's Diaries, Gide's Journals, Woolf's Moments of Being, Benjamin's Berlin Childhood, and Pavese's Diaries. Analysis of the self as polarizing between the imagination of a utopian childhood and self-deprivation.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 241:
Deutsche Geistesgeschichte I: German Aesthetic Thought, 1790-1872
The seminal tradition of writing about art including the German idealists (Kant, Schelling, Hegel, and Schiller), romantics (Schlegel, Novalis, and Hoffmann), and Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche. In English.
| Units: 4
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
GERLIT 248:
Heart to Heart: Theories of Expression at the Turns of Two Centuries (GERLIT 148)
Paradigms of expression around 1800 and 1900, from Empfindsamkeit (sensibility) to German Expressionism. The heart that overflows into speech in the works of Klopstock, Goethe, Tieck, and Kleist, and the reformulation a century later of this idea as avant garde practice and modernist credo. Readings of poets, philosophers, and artists on relationships between inside and out, heart and voice, emotion and language, and self and art. Discussion in English.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 250A:
Modern Drama
Problems of drama as genre, especially in relationship to problems of modernism. Transitions from classical and popular theater. New structures of action and conflict; epic theater; competition with film; transformed theatrical practices. Authors: Nestroy, Hauptmann, Hofmannsthal, Brecht, and Horvath. (Satisfied by enrollment in GERLIT 369 in 2008-09.)
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 250B:
German Romanticism and Its Repercussions
Works by Novalis, the Schlegel brothers, Tieck, Wackenroder, Hoffmann, Klingemann. Theory of the subject; transformative politics and conservative-religious retreat into inwardness; the fragment form and the novel; reflection, play, irony; the productive self-movement of language; the hieroglyph of nature; animating effects of Romantic desire and its impasses; interactions among literature, music, and painting. Ambivalent and critical responses to Romanticism (Hegel, Heine, Nietzsche) and recent revivals (Benjamin, Lacoue-Labarthe, Nancy, and Frank). Readings in German, discussion in English.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 250C:
Postwar German Culture and Thought: 1945 to the Present (GERLIT 150C)
How German culture and thought confronted the legacy of National Socialism, German guilt, and the possibility of a new beginning. German culture and the memory of communism (the German Democratic Republic) after 1989. Fiction of Thomas Mann, Gunter Grass, Alexander Kluge, and Hans Ulrich Treichel; poetry of Paul Celan and Ingeborg Bachmann; philosophical essays of Martin Heidegger, Theodor Adorno, Jürgen Habermas; films of Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Florian Henkel (The Life of Others), and Oliver Hirschbiegel (Downfall).
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 251:
German Underworlds (GERLIT 151)
German theories about what lies beneath: is it hell or the subterranean foundations that keep the world from collapsing? Cosmic architecture and the question of the inferno in Kant, Novalis, Wagner, Marx, Freud, Kafka, and the films of Fritz Lang.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 255:
Middle High German
Introduction to medieval German language and culture. Readings include Hartmann von Aue and Gottfried von Strassburg; genres include Minnesang, epic, and romance. Grammar review; emphasis is on rapid and accurate reading.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 256:
Old High German
Introduction to the grammar and the texts of the earliest attested stage of high German
| Units: 3-4
GERLIT 258:
German Dialects
Linguistic characteristics of dialect areas. History of the study of language variation in Germany; traditional dialect grammars; dialect-geographical revolution; and insights of modern sociolinguistics. Sources include native speakers, professionally-made tapes with transcripts, and secondary readings.
| Units: 3-4
GERLIT 263:
Readings in 19th-Century German Literature (GERLIT 163)
Works by Goethe, Tieck, Kleist, Hoffmann, Heine, Büchner, Grillparzer, Droste-Hülshoff, Stifter, and Keller. Their divergent responses to artistic, ethical, and political challenges of modernity. Prerequisite: GERLANG 3 or equivalent. In German.
| Units: 4
GERLIT 296:
Idealist and Romantic Aesthetics
The emergence of the modern idea of art as an autonomous domain. The systematic aspirations of German idealism and the anti-systematic spin-offs in the literary avant garde of the Romantic movement. Writings by Kant, Schiller, Schlegel, Novalis, Schelling, and Hegel. In English.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 297:
Theories of Art after Idealism (GERLIT 197)
Key responses to the failure of idealism to integrate artistic creation and aesthetic experience into a philosophical system. Works by Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Dilthey, and Lukács.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 306:
Narrative, Visuality, Memory (GERLIT 206)
Moments in the history of the relationship between verbal and visual: the classical ars memoriae; the ekphrasis debates of the 18th century; and the emergence of a new visuality and mnemonic art as structuring principles for modernist narrative. Authors include Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Augustine, Winkelmann, Lessing, Diderot, Goethe, Moritz, Flaubert, Rilke, and Proust.
| Units: 3-5
GERLIT 339:
Love, Marriage and Passion in German Literature of the 19th and 20th Centuries (GERLIT 139)
The thesis that love relationships, in shifting social, cultural, and communication contexts, reflect and determine the dominant value system of a society. How the concepts of romantic, passionate, and pragmatic love evolved and competed with one another in texts by Goethe, Schlegel, Keller, Sacher-Masoch, Fontane, and Böll. In German.
| Units: 3-5
