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PHIL 32S: Socrates: The Making of a Philosopher

Socrates is a key figure in the history of western philosophy. He is credited for inventing moral philosophy and for revolutionizing the way we think about and do philosophy. Moreover, his historical influence is often compared to that of Jesus and Buddha, partly because his life's mission was to benefit others, but also because his life and cause remain mysterious.nInterest in Socrates tends to divide along these exact lines: some (like Xenophon) are more interested in the man, his life and his impact on his friends and fellow citizens; others (like Aristotle) are more interested in his contribution to philosophy, his views, arguments and methods. nIn this course, we will try to learn more about both parts of Socrates' career by examining the relation between them. We will start by focusing on what is characteristic of his life: What did he do? And why did he do the things he did? In particular, how did he become a philosopher and how did he develop his distinctive approach to philosophy, his own philosophical voice?
Terms: Sum | Units: 3
Instructors: ; Weigand, S. (PI)

PHIL 50S: Truth, Proof and Probability: An Introduction To Philosophical and Logical Reasoning

Under what conditions does a set of true claims guarantee or make probable a particular conclusion? In this course we study rigorous tools and techniques supporting good reasoning, covering topics of particular significance to modern philosophy and logic. Contemporary philosophy continues a traditional focus on foundational problems related to value, inquiry, mind and reality, but with modern subject matter (often engaging natural, social and mathematical science) and rigorous methods, including set theory, probability theory and formal logic. This course introduces such methods, with a focus on core conceptual distinctions, motivations and debates, and basic practical skills. The presentation will be rigorous, but overly technical topics are avoided. Topics: propositional logic; valid argument forms; truth tables; Russell¿s paradox; infinite sets; kinds of truth; possibility and necessity; basic probability theory; subjective versus objective probability; Bayes¿ rule; correlation and causation. No previous philosophical or mathematical training pre-supposed. Appreciation of precise thinking an advantage. Useful preparation for relevant topics in mathematics, computer science, linguistics, economics and statistics.
Terms: Sum | Units: 3
Instructors: ; Hawke, P. (PI); Duffy, H. (TA)

PHIL 59S: Philosophy of Mathematics

The purpose of this course is to explore some of the themes and questions in philosophy of mathematical practice. These will include: what is the role of mathematics in natural sciences? Can we find an explanation for the applicability of mathematics or is it a completely unreasonable phenomenon? Do mathematicians invent or discover concepts? Either way, how do mathematicians develop new concepts? Is there such thing as mathematical explanation? Are there revolutions in mathematics? These questions are studied in connection to a close historical study of developments in mathematics, and the actual practice of mathematicians.
Terms: Sum | Units: 3
Instructors: ; Islami, A. (PI); Wang, Y. (TA)

PHIL 241: Dissertation Development Seminar

Required of second-year Philosophy Ph.D. students; restricted to Stanford Philosophy Ph.D. students. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.
Terms: Sum | Units: 1-4
Instructors: ; Crimmins, M. (PI)

PHIL 75S: Liberty and Equality

This course concerns recent attempts by social contract theorists to reconcile liberty and equality. We would begin my looking at Rawls¿s attempt to give due respect to both liberty and equality in his two principles. We would then look at criticisms of his attempt from Nozick, G.A. Cohen, possibly Mills and Okin or Pateman. I again would structure each session around a question, such as: Is there a conflict between equality and liberty? What is liberty? Equality. Equality of opportunity? Or equality of condition? What tools do these social contract theorists offer for criticizing racial or gender inequality?
| Units: 3
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