Results for GEOPHYS

The physics and chemistry of volcanic processes and modern methods of volcano monitoring. Volcanoes as manifestations of the Earth's internal energy and hazards to society. How earth scientists better forecast eruptive activity by monitoring seismic activity, bulging of the ground surface, and the discharge of volcanic gases, and by studying deposits from past eruptions. Focus is on the interface between scientists and policy makers and the challenges of decision making with incomplete information. Field trip to Mt. St. Helens, site of the 1980 eruption.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 30N) Science fiction writers craft entire worlds and physical laws with their minds. While planetary formation in the real world is a little different, we can use fantastical places and environments from film, television, and literature as conversation starters to discuss real discoveries that have been made about how planets form and evolve over time. The class will focus on the following overarching questions: (1) What conditions are required for habitable planets to form? (2) What types of planets may actually exist, including desert worlds, lava planets, ice planets, and ocean worlds? (3) What kids of life could inhabit such diverse worlds? (3) What types of catastrophic events such as supernovas, asteroid impacts, climate changes can nurture or destroy planetary habitability? Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Jupiter's icy moon Europa is a leading candidate in the search for life in our solar system outside of Earth. NASA's upcoming Europa Clipper mission would investigate the habitability of the moon using a suite of nine geophysical instruments. In this course, we will use the mission as a central text around which to explore the intersection of science, engineering, management, economics, culture, and politics involved in any modern big science enterprise.

Preference to freshman. Natural hazards, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, hurricanes, and fires, and how they affect people and society; great disasters such as asteroid impacts that periodically obliterate many species of life. Scientific issues, political and social consequences, costs of disaster mitigation, and how scientific knowledge affects policy. How spaceborne imaging technology makes it possible to respond quickly and mitigate consequences; how it is applied to natural disasters; and remote sensing data manipulation and analysis. GER:DB-EngrAppSci

Is the "Big One" overdue in California? What kind of damage would that cause? What can we do to reduce the impact of such hazards in urban environments? Does "fracking" cause earthquakes and are we at risk? Is the United States vulnerable to a giant tsunami? The geologic record contains evidence of volcanic super eruptions throughout Earth's history. What causes these gigantic explosive eruptions, and can they be predicted in the future? This course will address these and related issues. For non-majors and potential Earth scientists. No prerequisites. More information at: https://stanford.box.com/s/zr8ar28efmuo5wtlj6gj2jbxle76r4lu

(Staff)

Required for new students entering the department and undergraduate majors. Department faculty introduce the frontiers of research problems and methods being employed or developed in the department and unique to department faculty and students: what the current research is, why the research is important, what methodologies and technologies are being used, and what the potential impact of the results might be. Graduate students register for 1 unit (Mondays only), undergraduates for 3 units which include a discussion section (Mondays and Wednesdays). Offered every year, autumn quarter.

The Central Valley of California provides a third of the produce grown in the U.S., but recent droughts and increasing demand have raised concerns about both food and water security. The pathway that water takes from rainfall to the irrigation of fields or household taps ('the water course') determines the quantity and quality of the available water. Working with various data sources (measurements made on the ground, in wells, and from satellites) allows us to model the water budget in the valley and explore the recent impacts on freshwater supplies.

California has committed itself to sustainable groundwater management, with passage of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act in 2014, and safe drinking water access for all, with California's Human Right to Water Act in 2012. Yet, groundwater overdraft continues while over 1 million residents lack access to safe drinking water. Working with a water agency in the San Joaquin Valley, we will explore feedback loops between the two Acts and develop a plan for water management that meet the co-equal objectives of sustainable and equitable resource governance. We will work with "big" and "small" data, exploring the possibilities but also the limitations of using publicly available data for assessment and monitoring. The course will include guest speakers and interaction with public agencies and other key stakeholders.This is a Cardinal Course certified by the Haas Center.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 189 and 289) What does an earthquake fault look like near Earth's surface? How about the inside of, or beneath, a volcano? Why does California experience earthquakes and volcanic eruptions? Learn about thermo-physico-chemical evolution (mass transport, heat transport) in Earth's crust through a required long-weekend field trip (some camping, all equipment provided) in Dead Week (in 2022: evening Thurs 5/26 - evening Mon 5/30) likely to northern California/southern Oregon, including Crater Lake, Lassen and Lava Tubes National Parks/Monument). May be repeated for credit (future destinations likely include Sierra Nevada, Owens Valley, Mono Lake, Yosemite, San Andreas fault, Mendocino Triple Junction, and western Basin and Range province. Lectures provide context for planned trip. Minimum pre-req: EPS 1 (co-registration acceptable) or EPS 110 or equivalent (Previously GEOLSCI1 and GEOPHYS110). No Class on Monday, March 28th. First meeting Friday, April 1, 2022. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 119 and 219) This course will cover formation of planets within a protoplanetary disk, dynamical evolution of planetary systems (Grand Tack and Nice models, planet migration), condensation chemistry within the solar nebula and meteorite classification, classical accretion models and pebble accretion, melting, magma ocean formation and core formation on rocky objects. Topics will be discussed in the context of both the Solar system and extrasolar planet observations. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Introduction to the foundations of contemporary geophysics. Lectures link important topics in contemporary Geophysics ("What we study") to methods used to make progress on these topics ("How we study"). Topics range from plate tectonics to natural hazards; ice sheets to sustainability. For each topic, we focus is on how the interpretation of geophysical measurements (e.g., gravity, seismology, heat flow, electromagnetism and remote sensing) provides fundamental insight into the behavior of the Earth. The course will includes a required all-day Saturday field exercise Feb 02/10 (rain-date: 02/17). Prerequisite: CME 100 or MATH 51, or co-registration in either.

How to use MATLAB as a tool for research and technical computing, including 2-D and 3-D visualization features, numerical capabilities, and toolboxes. Practical skills in areas such as data analysis, regressions, optimization, spectral analysis, differential equations, image analysis, computational statistics, and Monte Carlo simulations. Emphasis is on scientific and engineering applications. Offered every year, autumn quarter.

Grappling with the big questions of sustainability and climate change, requires that we have ways to measure ? as we cannot manage what we cannot measure. This course, Taking the Pulse of the Planet introduces a new research and teaching initiative at Stanford ? also called Taking the Pulse of the Planet, which has the following goal: to have in place a global network of satellite, airborne, land/water-based sensors to support the real-time adaptive management of planetary health and human activities. Measurements will be made at the spatial and temporal scales required to inform the development and implementation of new policies addressing critical issues related to climate change, sustainability, and equity. Tapping into rapid advancements in sensor technology and data science over the past decade, we can now image and monitor many components of the Earth system and human activities. With the launch of the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, we wish to celebrate, through this course, the powerful role that advancements in technology ? specifically sensors ? and advancements in data science are playing in addressing the global challenges in sustainability and climate change. This will be a lecture class for undergraduates and graduate students designed to introduce them to the incredible array of sensors and data sets now available. We will finish the quarter with group projects that will involve the making and deployment of sensors around campus. The course will be designed to accommodate students at any level, with any background, with no required pre-requisites. In most of the assignments, we will be using Google co-lab to work with various types of sensor data. We anticipate drawing to this course both data-science-savvy and data-science-interested students. Therefore, we have developed online modules that are designed to help any student get up to speed on the "jargon" and the computational approaches used in the class.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 118Y and 218Y) The complex urban problems affecting quality of life in the Bay Area, from housing affordability and transportation congestion to economic vitality and social justice, are already perceived by many to be intractable, and will likely be exacerbated by climate change and other emerging environmental and technological forces. Reforming urban systems to improve the equity, resilience and sustainability of communities will require new collaborative methods of assessment, goal setting, and problem solving across governments, markets, and communities. It will also require academic institutions to develop new models of co-production of knowledge across research, education, and practice. This XYZ course series is designed to immerse students in co-production for social change. The course sequence covers scientific research and ethical reasoning, skillsets in data-driven and qualitative analysis, and practical experience working with local partners on urban challenges that can empower students to drive responsible systems change in their future careers. The Autumn (X) and Winter (Y) courses are focused on basic and advanced skills, respectively, and completion is a prerequisite for participation in the Spring (Z) practicum quarter, which engages teams in real-world projects with Bay Area local governments or community groups. X and Y are composed of four weekly pedagogical components: (A) lectures; (B) writing prompts linked with small group discussion; (C) lab and self-guided tutorials on the R programming language; and (D) R data analysis assignments. Open to undergraduate and graduate students in any major. For more information, visit http://bay.stanford.edu/education. Cardinal Course certified by the Haas Center. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 118Z and 218Z) Students are placed in small interdisciplinary teams (engineers and non-engineers, undergraduate and graduate level) to work on complex design, engineering, and policy problems presented by external partners in a real urban setting. Multiple projects are offered and may span both Winter and Spring quarters; students are welcome to participate in one or both quarters. Students are expected to interact professionally with government and community stakeholders, conduct independent team work outside of class sessions, and submit deliverables over a series of milestones. Prerequisite: the Autumn (X) skills course or approval of instructors. For information about the projects and application process, visit http://bay.stanford.edu. Cardinal Course certified by the Haas Center. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 120 and 220) The surfaces of planets, moons, and other bodies are shaped and modified by a wide array of physical and chemical processes. Understanding these processes allows us to decipher the history of the Solar System. This course offers a quantitative examination of both exogenous processes - such as impact cratering and space weathering - and endogenous processes - such as tectonics, weathering, and volcanic, fluvial, eolian, and periglacial activity - as well as a brief introduction to the fundamentals of remote sensing in the context of planetary exploration. As we develop a basic mechanistic framework for these processes, we will apply our acquired knowledge through thematic discussions of the surfaces of Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Mars, asteroids, Io, Titan, Europa, Enceladus, Pluto, and comets. For upper-division undergraduates and graduate students. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Introductory application of continuum mechanics to ice sheets and glaciers, water waves and tsunamis, and volcanoes. Emphasis on physical processes and mathematical description using balance of mass and momentum, combined with constitutive equations for fluids and solids. Designed for undergraduates with no prior geophysics background; also appropriate for beginning graduate students. Prerequisites: CME 100 or MATH 52 and PHYSICS 41 (or equivalent).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 122 and 222) (Students with a strong background in mathematics and the physical sciences should register for 222.) Motions of planets and smaller bodies, energy transport in planetary systems, composition, structure and dynamics of planetary atmospheres, cratering on planetary surfaces, properties of meteorites, asteroids and comets, extrasolar planets, and planetary formation. Prerequisite: some background in the physical sciences, especially astronomy, geophysics, or physics. Students need instructor approval to take the course for 2 or 4 units. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 124) This course provides an introduction to planetary science through the exploration of processes that formed and modified planetary bodies within the Solar System and beyond. Each lecture will be given by an expert in a specific subfield of planetary sciences, with topics ranging from planetary materials and formation, planetary dynamics, planetary structure and tectonics, planetary atmospheres, impact cratering, surface processes, and astrobiology. We will also discuss how scientists investigate planets both near and far through sample analysis, telescopic and orbital remote sensing as well as in situ through robotic instruments. Although there are no prerequisites for this course, it is primarily directed towards undergraduate students who are majoring (or plan to) in the sciences or engineering. A minimum level of mathematics equivalent to high school algebra and introductory calculus will be necessary. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 127 and 227) Planets and stars form together, from collapsed cores in interstellar molecular clouds. This is a very active area of research, and the book Protostars and Planets VII (2023) consists of up-to-date review chapters covering various aspects of the field. This seminar will cover the portions of the book focusing on planet formation and exoplanets. It will meet once per week to discuss an individual chapter, with students expected to come to class with questions about each week's reading assignment. There are no prerequisites for this course, but students should have some facility with reading scientific literature. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Most problems in Earth Science are dazzling and beautifully complex. Abstracting from this natural complexity to identify the essential components and mechanisms of a natural system is perhaps the most important, but commonly overlooked, task for developing testable mathematical models for Earth and Environmental Science. This course focuses on conceptual model development, rather than addressing the variety of formal mathematical techniques available for the analytical analysis or numerical simulation of a model. Recommended Prerequisites: CME 100 or MATH 51 (or equivalent)

Introduction to seismology including: elasticity and the wave equation, P, S, and surface waves, dispersion, ray theory, reflection and transmission of seismic waves, seismic imaging, large-scale Earth structure, earthquake location, earthquake statistics and forecasting, magnitude scales, seismic source theory.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 129 and 229) Introduction to planetary magnetic fields and how they are recorded by rocks on Earth and other solar system bodies. Topics covered will include dynamo magnetic field generation and evolution, magnetization acquisition processes, paleointensity, paleogeography, magnetostratigraphy, biomagnetism, environmental magnetism, and extraterrestrial magnetism. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

How to observe and interpret physical and biological changes in the oceans using satellite technologies. Topics: principles of satellite remote sensing, classes of satellite remote sensors, converting radiometric data into biological and physical quantities, sensor calibration and validation, interpreting large-scale oceanographic features.

This course provides a survey of the rapidly growing field of machine learning in the physical sciences. It covers various areas such as inverse problems, emulating physical processes, model discovery given data, and solution discovery given equations. It both introduces the background knowledge required to implement physics-informed deep learning and provides practical in-class coding exercises. Students have the opportunity to apply this emerging methodology to their own research interests across all fields of the physical sciences, including geophysics, climate, fluids, or other systems where the same technique applies. Students develop individual projects throughout the semester. Recommended Prerequisite: Calculus (e.g. Math 21), Differential Equations (e.g. MATH 53 or PHYSICS 111) or equivalents.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 230) Lectures and laboratory experiments. Properties of rocks and geomaterials and how they relate to chemo-mechanical processes in crustal settings, reservoirs, and man-made materials. Focus is on properties such as porosity, permeability, acoustic wave velocity, and electrical resistivity. Students may investigate a scientific problem to support their own research (4 units). Prerequisites: Physics 41 (or equivalent) and CME 100. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Lectures, indirect reading assignments, and completion of questions regarding laboratory procedures. The course provides an introduction to methods of quantitative laboratory analysis of rocks, minerals, and fluids. Laboratory exercises related to rock properties on data provided by the instructor previously collected in the laboratory. There will be weekly laboratory exercises, which will be due and discussed by the students at the start of the following class, unless indicated by the instructor.

The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to the physics, systems, processing, and analysis of ice penetrating radar, preparing students to use it as a quantitative research tool. Target students are graduates or advanced undergraduates in geophysics, glaciology, planetary science, or engineering with an interest in the use of radar to study glaciers, ice sheets, or icy planets.Prerequisite: EE 142 or EE 242 or PHYS 43 or instructor consent.

Interdisciplinary problems involving the state and movement of fluids in crustal systems, and computational methods to model these processes. Examples of processes include: nonlinear, time-dependent flow in porous rocks; coupling in porous rocks between fluid flow, stress, deformation, and heat and chemical transport; percolation of partial melt; diagenetic processes; pressure solution and the formation of stylolites; and transient pore pressure in fault zones. MATLAB, Lattice-Boltzmann, and COMSOL Multiphysics. Term project. No experience with COMSOL Multiphysics required. Offered every other year, winter quarter.

The principles of seismic reflection profiling, focusing on methods of seismic data acquisition and seismic data processing for hydrocarbon exploration.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 223) The structural and stratigraphic interpretation of seismic reflection data, emphasizing hydrocarbon traps in two and three dimensions on industry data, including workstation-based interpretation. Lectures only, 1 unit. Prerequisite: EPS 222 (Formerly GEOLSCI 222), or consent of instructor. (Geophys 183 must be taken for a minimum of 3 units to be eligible for Ways credit). Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 107 and 207) The interconnected set of dynamic systems that make up the Earth. Focus is on fundamental geophysical observations of the Earth and the laboratory experiments to understand and interpret them. What earthquakes, volcanoes, gravity, magnetic fields, and rocks reveal about the Earth's formation and evolution. In addition to the Tuesday Thursday class meeting, a one-hour weekly section will be arranged and scheduling will be determined at the start of the quarter. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences)

Echo seismogram recording geometry, head waves, moveout, velocity estimation, making images of complex shaped reflectors, migration by Fourier and integral methods. Anti-aliasing. Dip moveout. Computer labs. See http://sep.stanford.edu/sep/prof/. Offered every year, autumn quarter. *The Geophys180 cross-listing is considered an advanced undergraduate course.

Introduction to geophysical methods that can be used for imaging and characterizing groundwater systems. Recurring periods of drought and flooding in California have led state and local water agencies to search for ways to capture flood water and use it to recharge (refill) the over-pumped groundwater systems. The course this year will be structured around analyzing a new geophysical data set to identify optimal locations for recharge. The data set: 26,000 kilometers of electromagnetic data, acquired with a helicopter-deployed system, which image the groundwater systems of the Valley to a depth of ~300 m. We will analyze these data to find optimal sites for recharge by mapping out the variation in sediment type and identifying pathways for flow. Pre-requisite: CME 100 or Math 51, or co-registration in either.

Field-, lab-, or computer-based. Faculty supervision. Written reports.

For seniors writing a thesis based on Geophysics research in 196 or as a summer research fellow. Seniors defend the results of their research at a public oral presentation.

Experimental, observational, or theoretical honors project and thesis in geophysics under supervision of a faculty member. Students who elect to do an honors thesis should begin planning it no later than Winter Quarter of the junior year. Prerequisites: department approval. Seniors defend the results of their research at a public oral presentation.

(Former GEOLSCI 150) Focus is on written and oral communication in a topical context. Topics from current frontiers in earth science research and issues of concern to the public. Readings, oral presentations, written work, and peer review. Change of Department Name: Earth & Planetary Sciences (Formerly Geological Science)

Required for new students entering the department and undergraduate majors. Department faculty introduce the frontiers of research problems and methods being employed or developed in the department and unique to department faculty and students: what the current research is, why the research is important, what methodologies and technologies are being used, and what the potential impact of the results might be. Graduate students register for 1 unit (Mondays only), undergraduates for 3 units which include a discussion section (Mondays and Wednesdays). Offered every year, autumn quarter.

Interdisciplinary problems involving the state and movement of fluids in crustal systems, and computational methods to model these processes. Examples of processes include: nonlinear, time-dependent flow in porous rocks; coupling in porous rocks between fluid flow, stress, deformation, and heat and chemical transport; percolation of partial melt; diagenetic processes; pressure solution and the formation of stylolites; and transient pore pressure in fault zones. MATLAB, Lattice-Boltzmann, and COMSOL Multiphysics. Term project. No experience with COMSOL Multiphysics required. Offered every other year, winter quarter.

The Central Valley of California provides a third of the produce grown in the U.S., but recent droughts and increasing demand have raised concerns about both food and water security. The pathway that water takes from rainfall to the irrigation of fields or household taps ('the water course') determines the quantity and quality of the available water. Working with various data sources (measurements made on the ground, in wells, and from satellites) allows us to model the water budget in the valley and explore the recent impacts on freshwater supplies.

The ability to present your research in a compelling, concise, and engaging manner will enhance your professional career. I will work to convince you that the best way to capture an audience and leave a lasting impression is to tell a story, do a demo, or pick a fight.___The goal of a talk is not to show people how much work you did, how capable and dedicated you are, or how much you know. We don't care about any of those things. Instead, we want to learn something new and important, something that changes our perspective and influences our research. We want to be inspired, shocked, or moved. ___ So, in the opening minutes of a talk, you must plant your flag and make your case. You are forecasting the arc of your story, rather than introducing your topic. If, for example, your very first three words are, "I will argue" you're on a good path. In these crucial opening minutes, you've either hooked them or lost them. ___ The course is taught as a series of stand-and-deliver exercises with feedback from the other students and revision on the fly. You'll do exercises on talk openers and closers, physical demos, conference talks, job interviews, press interviews, and funding pitches. We also tackle scientific graphics, focusing on builder slides and posters. Special guests will enrich the course, including a graphic designer, Adobe Illustrator mavens, headhunters, entrepreneurs, and TV reporters?.This is a 'flipped' class, so there are no lectures. Instead, students receive Class Notes before each week's classes, and a Postscript Letter afterwards. Grades are completely optional: 70% in-class exercises, 30% final presentation, such as your upcoming conference presentation. ___ It's important to take this course when you have research to present. My pledge is that everyone will come away a more skilled and confident speaker than they were before. ___ Anonymous 2022 Course Evaluation Comments: "Truly the best course that I have taken in my life. There is simply an incredible amount of wisdom to be gained from this course. To no exaggeration, your life will be changed, and you will forever see presentations differently after this experience of a lifetime. It's also accessible to undergrads as long as you have a research project." ___ "By far, the best class I've taken at Stanford. Will change your entire perspective on presenting research." ___ "This is by far the best and most helpful course I have taken in all 5 years at Stanford. This course is really a must for anyone and has given me a huge confidence boost for public speaking in all scenarios. Ross is a fantastic instructor and makes the class a welcoming and collaborative environment." ___ "Ross is an engaging teacher with years of experience doing public speaking in academic, government, and business settings. This class is well worth the time that it takes to prepare the short talk exercises. Highly recommend this class for anyone looking to improve their speaking skills."

California has committed itself to sustainable groundwater management, with passage of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act in 2014, and safe drinking water access for all, with California's Human Right to Water Act in 2012. Yet, groundwater overdraft continues while over 1 million residents lack access to safe drinking water. Working with a water agency in the San Joaquin Valley, we will explore feedback loops between the two Acts and develop a plan for water management that meet the co-equal objectives of sustainable and equitable resource governance. We will work with "big" and "small" data, exploring the possibilities but also the limitations of using publicly available data for assessment and monitoring. The course will include guest speakers and interaction with public agencies and other key stakeholders.This is a Cardinal Course certified by the Haas Center.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 119 and 219) This course will cover formation of planets within a protoplanetary disk, dynamical evolution of planetary systems (Grand Tack and Nice models, planet migration), condensation chemistry within the solar nebula and meteorite classification, classical accretion models and pebble accretion, melting, magma ocean formation and core formation on rocky objects. Topics will be discussed in the context of both the Solar system and extrasolar planet observations. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Echo seismogram recording geometry, head waves, moveout, velocity estimation, making images of complex shaped reflectors, migration by Fourier and integral methods. Anti-aliasing. Dip moveout. Computer labs. See http://sep.stanford.edu/sep/prof/. Offered every year, autumn quarter. *The Geophys180 cross-listing is considered an advanced undergraduate course.

Imaging principles exemplified by means of imaging geophysical data of various uncomplicated types (bathymetry, altimetry, velocity, reflectivity). Adjoints, back projection, conjugate-gradient inversion, preconditioning, multidimensional autoregression and spectral factorization, the helical coordinate, and object-based programming. Common recurring issues such as limited aperture, missing data, signal/noise segregation, and nonstationary spectra. See http://sep.stanford.edu/sep/prof/.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 189 and 289) What does an earthquake fault look like near Earth's surface? How about the inside of, or beneath, a volcano? Why does California experience earthquakes and volcanic eruptions? Learn about thermo-physico-chemical evolution (mass transport, heat transport) in Earth's crust through a required long-weekend field trip (some camping, all equipment provided) in Dead Week (in 2022: evening Thurs 5/26 - evening Mon 5/30) likely to northern California/southern Oregon, including Crater Lake, Lassen and Lava Tubes National Parks/Monument). May be repeated for credit (future destinations likely include Sierra Nevada, Owens Valley, Mono Lake, Yosemite, San Andreas fault, Mendocino Triple Junction, and western Basin and Range province. Lectures provide context for planned trip. Minimum pre-req: EPS 1 (co-registration acceptable) or EPS 110 or equivalent (Previously GEOLSCI1 and GEOPHYS110). No Class on Monday, March 28th. First meeting Friday, April 1, 2022. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Introduction to the foundations of contemporary geophysics. Lectures link important topics in contemporary Geophysics ("What we study") to methods used to make progress on these topics ("How we study"). Topics range from plate tectonics to natural hazards; ice sheets to sustainability. For each topic, we focus is on how the interpretation of geophysical measurements (e.g., gravity, seismology, heat flow, electromagnetism and remote sensing) provides fundamental insight into the behavior of the Earth. The course will includes a required all-day Saturday field exercise Feb 02/10 (rain-date: 02/17). Prerequisite: CME 100 or MATH 51, or co-registration in either.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 118Y and 218Y) The complex urban problems affecting quality of life in the Bay Area, from housing affordability and transportation congestion to economic vitality and social justice, are already perceived by many to be intractable, and will likely be exacerbated by climate change and other emerging environmental and technological forces. Reforming urban systems to improve the equity, resilience and sustainability of communities will require new collaborative methods of assessment, goal setting, and problem solving across governments, markets, and communities. It will also require academic institutions to develop new models of co-production of knowledge across research, education, and practice. This XYZ course series is designed to immerse students in co-production for social change. The course sequence covers scientific research and ethical reasoning, skillsets in data-driven and qualitative analysis, and practical experience working with local partners on urban challenges that can empower students to drive responsible systems change in their future careers. The Autumn (X) and Winter (Y) courses are focused on basic and advanced skills, respectively, and completion is a prerequisite for participation in the Spring (Z) practicum quarter, which engages teams in real-world projects with Bay Area local governments or community groups. X and Y are composed of four weekly pedagogical components: (A) lectures; (B) writing prompts linked with small group discussion; (C) lab and self-guided tutorials on the R programming language; and (D) R data analysis assignments. Open to undergraduate and graduate students in any major. For more information, visit http://bay.stanford.edu/education. Cardinal Course certified by the Haas Center. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 118Z and 218Z) Students are placed in small interdisciplinary teams (engineers and non-engineers, undergraduate and graduate level) to work on complex design, engineering, and policy problems presented by external partners in a real urban setting. Multiple projects are offered and may span both Winter and Spring quarters; students are welcome to participate in one or both quarters. Students are expected to interact professionally with government and community stakeholders, conduct independent team work outside of class sessions, and submit deliverables over a series of milestones. Prerequisite: the Autumn (X) skills course or approval of instructors. For information about the projects and application process, visit http://bay.stanford.edu. Cardinal Course certified by the Haas Center. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 120 and 220) The surfaces of planets, moons, and other bodies are shaped and modified by a wide array of physical and chemical processes. Understanding these processes allows us to decipher the history of the Solar System. This course offers a quantitative examination of both exogenous processes - such as impact cratering and space weathering - and endogenous processes - such as tectonics, weathering, and volcanic, fluvial, eolian, and periglacial activity - as well as a brief introduction to the fundamentals of remote sensing in the context of planetary exploration. As we develop a basic mechanistic framework for these processes, we will apply our acquired knowledge through thematic discussions of the surfaces of Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Mars, asteroids, Io, Titan, Europa, Enceladus, Pluto, and comets. For upper-division undergraduates and graduate students. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Introductory application of continuum mechanics to ice sheets and glaciers, water waves and tsunamis, and volcanoes. Emphasis on physical processes and mathematical description using balance of mass and momentum, combined with constitutive equations for fluids and solids. Designed for undergraduates with no prior geophysics background; also appropriate for beginning graduate students. Prerequisites: CME 100 or MATH 52 and PHYSICS 41 (or equivalent).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 224) Rivers are the arteries of Earth's continents, conveying water, sediments, and solutes from the headwaters to the oceans. They provide a haven for life and have been at the heart of the world's economy by generating fertile floodplains, human habitats, as well as by facilitating international commerce. This course offers a quantitative examination of rivers, from headwaters to deltas. We will first develop a basic mechanistic understanding of fluvial processes, including flow hydraulics, erosion, sediment transport, and deposition. We will then apply our acquired knowledge through thematic discussions of relevant issues. Possible themes include deltas and climate change, rivers and human activity (damming, sand mining, deforestation), rivers and the evolution of land plants, rivers and biogeochemical cycles, submarine channels, and the alien rivers of Mars and Titan. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

The principles of seismic reflection profiling, focusing on methods of seismic data acquisition and seismic data processing for hydrocarbon exploration.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 223) The structural and stratigraphic interpretation of seismic reflection data, emphasizing hydrocarbon traps in two and three dimensions on industry data, including workstation-based interpretation. Lectures only, 1 unit. Prerequisite: EPS 222 (Formerly GEOLSCI 222), or consent of instructor. (Geophys 183 must be taken for a minimum of 3 units to be eligible for Ways credit). Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Workshop in computer processing of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data. Students individually process a seismic reflection profile (of their own choice or instructor-provided) from field recordings to migrated sections and subsurface images, using interactive software (OpenCPS from OpenGeophysical.com). Prerequisite: GEOPHYS 222 or consent of instructor.

How fast can ice sheets disintegrate? Why do volcanoes erupt? Which processes govern theoccurrence of landslides? And can we reduce the destructive reach of tsunamis and storm surges?The common denominator of what at first glance might seem like disparate systems ismultiphase flow. The dynamic interactions between multiple solid and fluid phases, such as iceand melt-water; lava and gas; vegetation and waves, give rise to drastic nonlinearities that governabrupt change. This class explores the role of multiphase instabilities in the onset and evolutionof extreme events. We will explore the different types of instabilities that arise in differentmultiphase aggregates and why they might be critical for understanding the nonlinear behaviorof natural systems.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 127 and 227) Planets and stars form together, from collapsed cores in interstellar molecular clouds. This is a very active area of research, and the book Protostars and Planets VII (2023) consists of up-to-date review chapters covering various aspects of the field. This seminar will cover the portions of the book focusing on planet formation and exoplanets. It will meet once per week to discuss an individual chapter, with students expected to come to class with questions about each week's reading assignment. There are no prerequisites for this course, but students should have some facility with reading scientific literature. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Most problems in Earth Science are dazzling and beautifully complex. Abstracting from this natural complexity to identify the essential components and mechanisms of a natural system is perhaps the most important, but commonly overlooked, task for developing testable mathematical models for Earth and Environmental Science. This course focuses on conceptual model development, rather than addressing the variety of formal mathematical techniques available for the analytical analysis or numerical simulation of a model. Recommended Prerequisites: CME 100 or MATH 51 (or equivalent)

Physics of earthquakes, including nucleation, propagation, and arrest; slip-weakening and rate-and-state friction laws; thermal pressurization and dynamic weakening mechanisms; off-fault plasticity; dynamic fracture mechanics; earthquake energy balance. Problem sets involve numerical simulations on CEES cluster. Prerequisites: GEOPHYS 287. Offered occasionally.

The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to the physics, systems, processing, and analysis of ice penetrating radar, preparing students to use it as a quantitative research tool. Target students are graduates or advanced undergraduates in geophysics, glaciology, planetary science, or engineering with an interest in the use of radar to study glaciers, ice sheets, or icy planets.Prerequisite: EE 142 or EE 242 or PHYS 43 or instructor consent.

This course will introduce students to the theories and techniques involved in measuring and quantifying the chemical composition of solid materials using X-ray spectroscopy. The course will be largely focused on electron beam instruments including scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM-EDS and TEM-EDS) and Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA-EDS; EPMA-WDS), with the laboratory component consisting of a combination of instrument training and data collection on multiple electron beam instruments, coupled with in-lab exercises covering the methods associated with the evaluation, processing, and presentation of X-ray data. Students will also learn to utilize multiple cutting-edge data quantitative spectroscopy software packages. The goal of this course is to provide graduate students with the tools required to make informed decisions when designing projects that involve understanding the composition(s) of solid materials at the nano- and micro-scales. Introduce students to the theory and technique behind determining the chemical composition of solid materials using X-ray spectroscopy. (CROSS-LISTED WITH EPS 216 and GEOPHYS 236)

Despite forming in the inner solar system from broadly similar starting materials, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and the Moon each represent a unique outcome of the planetary formation process. Processes occurring deep inside planets drive the evolution of planetary crusts and atmospheres, which both control planetary habitability. This course explores how geophysical approaches such as gravity, topography, seismology, heat flow, and magnetism provide insight into the thermal and chemical histories of each rocky world. We cover how planetary scientists study ancient processes such as core formation, impact cratering, magnetic field generation, mantle convection, and tectonics by a combination of spacecraft measurements, modeling, and laboratory analyses of extraterrestrial materials. Recommended prerequisites: PHYSICS 41, 43, and MATH 51 or CME 100, or instructor consent.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 129 and 229) Introduction to planetary magnetic fields and how they are recorded by rocks on Earth and other solar system bodies. Topics covered will include dynamo magnetic field generation and evolution, magnetization acquisition processes, paleointensity, paleogeography, magnetostratigraphy, biomagnetism, environmental magnetism, and extraterrestrial magnetism. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

(Same as GP241) Practical methods for quantitative characterization and uncertainty assessment of subsurface reservoir models integrating well-log and seismic data. Multidisciplinary combination of rock-physics, seismic attributes, sedimentological information and spatial statistical modeling techniques. Student teams build reservoir models using limited well data and seismic attributes typically available in practice, comparing alternative approaches. Software provided (SGEMS, Petrel, Matlab). Offered every other year.Recommended: ERE240/260, or GP222/223, or GP260/262 or GES253/257; ERE246, GP112

This course provides a survey of the rapidly growing field of machine learning in the physical sciences. It covers various areas such as inverse problems, emulating physical processes, model discovery given data, and solution discovery given equations. It both introduces the background knowledge required to implement physics-informed deep learning and provides practical in-class coding exercises. Students have the opportunity to apply this emerging methodology to their own research interests across all fields of the physical sciences, including geophysics, climate, fluids, or other systems where the same technique applies. Students develop individual projects throughout the semester. Recommended Prerequisite: Calculus (e.g. Math 21), Differential Equations (e.g. MATH 53 or PHYSICS 111) or equivalents.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 254) Processes of precipitation and sedimentation of carbonate minerals as well as their post-depositional alteration with emphasis on marine systems. Topics include: geographic and bathymetric distribution of carbonates in modern and ancient oceans; genesis and environmental significance of carbonate grains and sedimentary textures; carbonate diagenesis; changes in styles of carbonate deposition through Earth history; reservoir quality and properties defined by storage capacity, flow (permeability) and connectivity of pores (effective porosity); the interplay between these properties, the original depositional characteristics of the carbonate sediments and post-depositional alteration; relationships between dissolution processes, cementation processes, and the resulting connectivity of the flow pathways. Lab exercises emphasize petrographic and rock physics analysis of carbonate rocks at scales ranging from map and outcrop to hand sample and thin section. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

On-the-job-training for master's and doctoral degree students under the guidance of on-site supervisors. Students submit a report detailing work activities, problems, assignment, and key results. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: written consent of adviser.

Techniques for mapping numerically intensive algorithms to modern high performance computers such as the Center for Computational Earth and Environmental Science's (CEES) . Topics include computer architecture performance analysis, and parallel programming. Topics covered include pthreads OpenMP; MPI, Cilk++, and CUDA.. Exercises using SMP and cluster computers. May be repeated for credit. Offered every other year, winter quarter.

Introduction to the principles behind, and applications of, radar as a remote sensing tool. Radar observables and the radar equation, system and subsystem design, signal processing and matched filters, detection problems, radar imaging, range-Doppler processing, interaction of radar waves with Earth or planetary surfaces, interferometers. Applications include polarimetry for surface characterization, measurement of topography and surface change, moving object detection and motion measurements. Graduate/Advanced undergraduate level. Undergraduate students should enroll for 4 units, and graduate students should enroll for 3 units. Prerequisites: deterministic signal processing (EE 102A + B or equivalent); probability and estimation (EE 178 or equivalent).

(Formerly GEOLSCI 230) Lectures and laboratory experiments. Properties of rocks and geomaterials and how they relate to chemo-mechanical processes in crustal settings, reservoirs, and man-made materials. Focus is on properties such as porosity, permeability, acoustic wave velocity, and electrical resistivity. Students may investigate a scientific problem to support their own research (4 units). Prerequisites: Physics 41 (or equivalent) and CME 100. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Statistical and computational methods for inferring images from incomplete data. Bayesian inference methods are used to combine data and quantify uncertainty in the estimate. Fast linear algebra tools are used to solve problems with many pixels and many observations. Applications from several fields but mainly in earth sciences. Prerequisites: Linear algebra and probability theory.

This course will present advanced topics in elastic effective medium theory, as applied to porous rocks.

Geophysical methods are used to image and characterize regions of the subsurface to explore for, evaluate and manage Earth resources (water and energy). A rock physics relationship is required to transform measured geophysical properties to the material properties of interest. Starting with the theoretical framework, we will explore the development of the rock physics transform from the laboratory to the field scale. Electrical and elastic properties and NMR. Grading based on four 2-week assignments.

Multidimensional time and frequency representations, generalization of Fourier transform methods to non-Cartesian coordinate systems, Hankel and Abel transforms, line integrals, impulses and sampling, reconstruction tomography, imaging radar. The projection-slice and layergram reconstruction methods as developed in radio interferometry. Radar imaging and backprojection algorithms for 3- and 4-D imaging. In weekly labs students create software to form images using these techniques with actual data. Final project consists of design, analysis and simulation of an advanced imaging system. Prerequisites: None required, but recommend EE103, EE261, EE278, some inverse method concepts such as from Geophys281.

Radar remote sensing, radar image characteristics, viewing geometry, range coding, synthetic aperture processing, correlation, range migration, range/Doppler algorithms, wave domain algorithms, polar algorithm, polarimetric processing, interferometric measurements. Applications: surfafe deformation, polarimetry and target discrimination, topographic mapping surface displacements, velocities of ice fields. Prerequisites: EE261. Recommended: EE254, EE278, EE279.

Laboratory observations and theoretical modeling of the electromagnetic properties and nuclear magnetic resonance response of geological material. Relationships between these properties and water-saturated materials properties such as composition, water content, surface area, and permeability.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 107 and 207) The interconnected set of dynamic systems that make up the Earth. Focus is on fundamental geophysical observations of the Earth and the laboratory experiments to understand and interpret them. What earthquakes, volcanoes, gravity, magnetic fields, and rocks reveal about the Earth's formation and evolution. In addition to the Tuesday Thursday class meeting, a one-hour weekly section will be arranged and scheduling will be determined at the start of the quarter. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences)

The principles of imaging complex structures in the Earth subsurface using 3-D reflection seismology. Emphasis is on processing methodologies and algorithms, with examples of applications to field data. Topics: acquisition geometrics of land and marine 3-D seismic surveys, time vs. depth imaging, migration by Kirchhoff methods and by wave-equation methods, migration velocity analysis, velocity model building, imaging irregularly sampled and aliased data. Computational labs involve some programming. Lab for 3 units. Offered every year, Spring quarter.

Concepts of inverse theory, with application to geophysics. Inverses with discrete and continuous models, generalized matrix inverses, resolving kernels, regularization, use of prior information, singular value decomposition, nonlinear inverse problems, back-projection techniques, and linear programming. Application to seismic tomography, earthquake location, migration, and fault-slip estimation. Prerequisite: MATH 51

Earthquake and volcanic deformation, emphasizing analytical models that can be compared to data from GPS, InSAR, and strain meters. Dislocation and crack models of faults. Dislocations in layered and elastically heterogeneous earth models. Models of volcano deformation, including sills, dikes, and magma chambers. Viscoelasticity, post-seismic rebound, and viscoelastic magma chambers. Selected topics including: gravity changes induced by deformation and elastogravitational coupling; Poro-elasticity, coupled fluid flow and deformation; earthquake nucleation and rate-state friction.

Earthquake and volcanic deformation, emphasizing analytical models that can be compared to data from GPS, InSAR, and strain meters. Deformation, stress, and conservation laws. Dislocation models of strike slip and dip slip faults, in 2 and 3 dimensions. Crack models, including boundary element methods. Dislocations in layered and elastically heterogeneous earth models. Models of volcano deformation, including sills, dikes, and magma chambers. Offered every other year, autumn quarter.

Earthquake and volcanic deformation, emphasizing analytical models that can be compared to data from GPS, InSAR, and strain meters. Viscoelasticity, post-seismic rebound, and viscoelastic magma chambers. Effects of surface topography and earth curvature on surface deformation. Gravity changes induced by deformation and elastogravitational coupling. Poro-elasticity, coupled fluid flow and deformation. Earthquake nucleation and rate-state friction. Models of earthquake cycle at plate boundaries.

Introduction to principles and procedures behind probabilistic seismic hazard and risk analysis. Engineering seismology topics include earthquake source characterization and ground motion characterization. Risk topics include fragility and vulnerability functions, ground motion selection, and an introduction to performance-based earthquake engineering. Integrative calculations to quantify hazard and risk. Prerequisite: CEE 203 or equivalent.

For TAs in Geophysics. Course and lecture design and preparation; lecturing practice in small groups. Classroom teaching practice in a Geophysics course for which the participant is the TA.

Required for graduate students in their first two years (six quarters total), and strongly encouraged for all members of the Department. This course consists of a lecture by a different speaker each week, distinguished scientists selected by students and faculty to present a wide cross-section of Geophysics. Occasional sessions are devoted to general topics of interest to the Department of Geophysics. Invited experts introduce their research problems, methods and results. Offered every year, autumn and winter and spring quarter.

Effects of global change on crop production and fluxes of water across the surface and through the subsurface. Nexus of food, energy, and water through primary literature, and relevant data analyses. Students will be introduced to concepts ranging from global climate change to climate impact assessments, and to methodologies including remote sensing, climate model downscaling, and process-based landscape hydrologic modeling.

This Seminar will explore the role of multiphase instabilities in the onset and evolution of extreme events. We will explore the different types of instabilities that arise in different multiphase aggregates and why they might be critical for understanding the nonlinear behavior of natural systems.

This course is formatted as a journal club. This course will explore past and current research on disaster risk and resilience, towards the development of new frontiers in resilience engineering science research. Designed for graduate students engaged in the topic of risk and resilience research, the course will be organized around weekly readings and discussions.

Research in reflection seismology and petroleum prospecting. May be repeated for credit.

Research on the use of geophysical methods for near-surface environmental problems. May be repeated for credit.

Research on physics and mechanics of earthquakes, volcanoes, ice sheets, and glaciers. Emphasis is on developing theoretical understanding of processes governing natural phenomena.

Research on the origin, major structures, and tectonic processes of the Earth's crust. Emphasis is on use of deep seismic reflection and refraction data. May be repeated for credit.

Research on the acquisition, processing, and analysis of radio geophysical signals in observing the subsurface conditions and physical processes of ice sheets, glaciers, and icy moons.

Research on rock physics and geophysical methods for stochastic methods for subsurface modeling

Reflection: Understanding the mechanics of ice sheets and ice shelves.

Research in areas of petrophysics, seismology, in situ stress, and subjects related to characterization of the physical properties of rock in situ. May be repeated for credit.

Research on seismic source processes, crustal stress, and deformation associated with faulting and volcanism. May be repeated for credit.

This seminar gives an overview of the latest developments in the area of scientific machine learning.

(Formerly GEOLSCI 384) Research on the use of laboratory geophysical methods for the characterization of the physical properties of rocks and their response to earth stresses, temperature, and rock-fluid interactions. May be repeated for credit. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).

Research on Source and Structural Seismology of the Earth. May be repeated for credit.

Research on volcanic processes. May be repeat for credit

Theory, numerical simulation, and experiments on seismic and electromagnetic waves in complex porous media. Applications from Earth imaging and in situ characterization of Earth properties, including subsurface monitoring. Presentations by faculty, research staff, students, and visitors. May be repeated for credit.

Research on the application of paleomagnetism to study planetary processes such as dynamo field generation, geodynamical evolution, and impact cratering. May be repeated for credit.

Research on the mechanical properties of porous rocks: dynamic problems of seismic velocity, dispersion, and attentuation; and quasi-static problems of faulting, fluid transport, crustal deformation, and loss of porosity. Participants define, investigate, and present an original problem of their own. May be repeated for credit.

Research on the dynamics of multi-phase systems that are fundamental to many geophysical problems such as ice sheets and volcanoes.

Research applications, especially crustal deformation measurements. Recent instrumentation and system advancements. May be repeated for credit.

Research in Geophysics

TGR Project

TGR Dissertation