Results for HUMBIO

Introduction to the principles of classical and modern genetics, evolutionary theory, and population biology. Topics: micro- and macro-evolution, population and molecular genetics, biodiversity, and ecology, emphasizing the genetics and ecology of the evolutionary process and applications to human populations. HUMBIO 2A and 2B must be taken concurrently.

Introduction to the evolutionary study of human diversity. Hominid evolution, the origins of social complexity, social theory, and the emergence of the modern world system, emphasizing the concept of culture and its influence on human differences. HUMBIO 2A and 2B must be taken concurrently.

The principles of the biology of cells: principles of human developmental biology, biochemistry of energetics and metabolism, the nature of membranes and organelles, hormone action and signal transduction in normal and diseased states (diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases), drug discovery, immunology, and drug addiction. HUMBIO 3A and 3B must be taken concurrently. Prerequisite: college chemistry or completion of the HumBio chemistry lecture series during the fall quarter.

Research and theory on human behavior, health, and life span development. How biological factors and cultural practices influence cognition, emotion, motivation, personality, and health in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. HUMBIO 3A and 3B must be taken concurrently.

Practicum experience at Bing Nursery School for 1 1/4 hours of observation per week, class meeting every other week for 1 hour. Pre- or corequisite: 3B.

Organ system physiology: the principles of neurobiology and endocrinology, and the functions of body organs. The mechanisms of control, regulation, and integration of organ systems function. HUMBIO 4A and 4B must be taken concurrently.

Connections among the life sciences, social sciences, public health, and public policy. The economic, social, and institutional factors that underlie environmental degradation, the incidence of disease, and inequalities in health status and access to health care. Public policies to address these problems. Topics include pollution regulation, climate change policy, biodiversity protection, health care reform, health disparities, and women's health policy. HUMBIO 4A and 4B must be taken concurrently.

In this seminar, students will become familiar with current research on science education. They will use this knowledge to create and analyze teaching material such as section plans, exams, and problem sets. Material produced in this course will be related to the topics covered in the core course of the Program in Human Biology. Students will experience and practice various teaching styles.

This course is designed to help students make the most of their internship experience by setting learning goals in advance, negotiating clear roles and expectations, and preparing for the professional role required as part of the organization. Goal is to help students avoid common pitfalls of internships. Through readings, discussions, and guest speakers, explore how to prepare for internship, work with community placement, and how best to leverage an internship when you return: as a research topic in an honors thesis, as a fellowship placement, or as a stepping stone to future career opportunities. Course oriented to students who have already identified an internship for summer or a later quarter. Course does not cover ways to find or fund an internship in this class.

This course will examine how sexuality, gender, and relationships are depicted in popular romantic films. Students will be asked to identify and analyze the messages these films send about what love is, how people should fall in love, and how men and women should approach sexual relationships. Students will also be asked to consider how these messages affect audiences on both a personal and cultural level. The goals of the course are to promote media literacy through thoughtful analysis of the materials presented and to encourage students to sincerely explore and share their thoughts on topics of sexuality, gender, and relationships.

How do we prepare ourselves, members of the so-called "Peter Pan" generation, for adulthood and independence after college? This 10-week seminar will cover key topics for a successful transition into the "real world" such as personal finance, health and nutrition, relationships, careers, and mindfulness, all through the interdisciplinary lens of Human Biology.

An introduction to different disabilities and how disabilities affect the lives of the individuals who have them and the people around them. Knowledgeable individuals from Stanford and the surrounding community who have firsthand experience working with individuals with disabilities will be addressing these topics. Topics will include common disabilities such as Autism, Down Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy and language disorders as well as special needs education and treatments. The first 45 minutes of class will be an interactive lecture, and the last 45 minutes of class will be reserved for discussion.

The philosophy and history behind traditional Chinese medicine. Concepts such as Qi, Yin/Yang, meridians, Chinese organs, and the 5 elements. How these concepts are applied through techniques such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, Qi gong, and massage. How traditional Chinese medicine is understood from a scientific standpoint. Political and socioeconomic implications. Observation of an acupuncturist. Readings on the integration of Eastern and Western medicine and on traditional Chinese medicine.

The human fossil record from the first non-human primates in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene, 80-65 million years ago, to the anatomically modern people in the late Pleistocene, between 100,000 to 50,000 B.C.E. Emphasis is on broad evolutionary trends and the natural selective forces behind them.

This course will explore how sexual identity, attitudes, and behaviors are shaped by the messages sent by the various agents of society such as schools, family, peers, media, and religious, medical, and political institutions. The interaction of biology, psychology, and socio-cultural factors, such as gender roles and sexual/relationship scripts will be discussed, as will the intersection of sexuality and notions of love, romance, and commitment. Critical developmental periods, such as adolescence and emerging adulthood will be examined in depth. Students will explore their own values and feelings about sexuality and come to an understanding of how their beliefs were formed. We will discuss how information about sexuality is disseminated in our society and what we can do to help ensure that such information is used in a way that promotes healthy self-conceptions, behavior, and relationships.

Goal is to develop knowledge and skills for designing and conducting qualitative research studies including purposes, conceptual contexts, research questions, methods, validity issues, and interactions among these facets. Each student designs a qualitative research study.

For students writing up their own qualitative research. Students prepare a complete draft presenting their own qualitative research study including results, with reports drafted section by section, week by week. Class provides feedback, guidance, support.

Introduction to statistical concepts and methods that are essential to the study of questions in biology, environment, health, epidemiology and related areas. The course will teach and use the computer language R. Topics include distributions, probabilities, likelihood, linear models; illustrations will be based on recent research.

Preference to sophomores. Biological, psychological, religious, social and cultural perspectives on the concept of agape love. How love is conceptualized across cultures; agape love as the basis of many religions; different kinds of love; the biology of love; love in action for social justice; the languages of love, including art, literature, music, and poetry. Emphasis is on blog writing, participation, and oral presentation.

Preference to sophomores. Biology, clinical issues, social and health policies of aging; relationships, lifestyles, and sexuality; wise women and grandmothers. Sources include scientific articles, essays, poetry, art, and film. Service-learning experience with older women. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center).

Students will learn the statistical tools used to describe and analyze data in the fields of medicine and epidemiology. This very applied course will rely on current research questions and publicly available data. Students will gain proficiency with Stata to do basic analyses of health-related data, including linear and logistic regression, and will become sophisticated consumers of health-related statistical results.

Preference to sophomores. Animal behavior offers insights about evolutionary adaptations and this seminar will discuss the origins of the study of animal behavior and its development to the present. How does the nervous system control behavior and how is it changed by behavior? We will analyze and discuss original research papers about the neural basis of behavior. The use and misuse of parallels between animal and human behavior. Possible field trip to observe animals in their natural habitat.

Examination of how the law, justice and lawyers are depicted in film, how real the depictions are, and the social issues that are the subjects of the film and the effect of film on change, attitudes and policy.

This course will study the paradigms of people of courage, action and energy who have fought against injustice by advocating for causes against great odds and at personal risk. The focus will be on everyday people who have taken action, often at great personal risk, not for ambition, but because of their convictions and steadfast commitment to their beliefs.

Preference to sophomores. Sports medicine is the practice of clinical medicine at the interface between health and performance, competition and well-being. While sports medicine had its origins in providing care to athletes, medical advances developed in care of athletes exerted a great effect on the nature and quality of care to the broader community. Topics include sports injuries, medical conditions associated with sport and exercise, ethics, coaching, women's issues, fitness and health, and sports science. Case studies.

"Building a Sustainable Society: New approaches to integrating human and environmental priorities" draws on economics, natural resources management, sociology and leadership science to examine theoretical frameworks and diverse case studies that illustrate the main drivers, core features and challenges of building a sustainable society where human beings and the natural environment thrive. Themes include collaborative consumption, the sharing economy, worker-owned cooperatives, community-corporate partnerships, cradle to cradle design, social entrepreneurship, impact investing, "beyond GDP" measures, and 21st century leadership. Critical perspectives, lectures and student-led discussions guide analysis of innovations within public, private and civic sectors globally, with emphasis on Latin America.

Economic and ecological frameworks to understand the causes of and potential solutions to marine resource degradation. Focus on conservation of marine biodiversity and ecosystem-based management. Applications include: commercial and recreational fisheries, marine reserves, and offshore energy production.

Principles and application of the science of preserving biological diversity. Conceptually, this course is designed to explore 4 major components relevant to the conservation of biodiversity, as exemplified by the Latin American region. The conceptual frameworks and principles, however, should be generally applicable, and provide insights for all regions of the world, including those of lesser biodiversity. Satisfies Central Menu Area 4 for Bio majors. Prerequisite: BIO 101, or BIO 43 or HUMBIO 2A with consent of instructor. Graduate level students will be expected to conduct a literature research exercise leading to a written paper, addressing a topic of their choosing, derived from any of the themes discussed in class.

The biological interdependence of humans and plants, particularly the ways in which people and plants have imposed selection pressures and ecological change on one another. Topics include evolution and basic plant structure; plant characteristics and genetic variants allowing domestication; effects of plant domestication on human biology; plants in traditional and contemporary diets; and human influences on plant biology through genetic manipulation and environmental change. Class meetings center on discussing journal articles.

Discussion-based seminar. Focus on problems with and systems-based solutions to food system issues. Four particular settings are addressed: University, worksite, hospital, and school food. Traditional vs. disruptive food system models compared and contrasted. The goal is to determine how best to maximize sustainability across several dimensions, including health, economics, and the environment. Underlying class themes include social justice and the potential for changing social norms around food production and consumption.

The changing epidemiological environment. How human-induced environmental changes, such as global warming, deforestation and land-use conversion, urbanization, international commerce, and human migration, are altering the ecology of infectious disease transmission, and promoting their re-emergence as a global public health threat. Case studies of malaria, cholera, hantavirus, plague, and HIV.

Theory, method, and application in anthropology. How theory in behavioral ecology developed to understand animal behavior is applied to questions about human economic decision making in ecological and evolutionary contexts. Topics include decisions about foraging and subsistence, competition and cooperation, mating, and reproduction and parenting.

Dynamics of culturally inherited human behavior and its relationship to social and physical environments. Topics include a history of ecological approaches in anthropology, subsistence ecology, sharing, risk management, territoriality, warfare, and resource conservation and management. Case studies from Australia, Melanesia, Africa, and S. America.

Health policy and health care delivery from a historical and a current policy perspective. Introduces cost, quality, and access as measures of health system performance. Considers institutional aspects of health care reform.

Issues in health care reform and the policy making process, the evolution of current systems, and theories underlying efforts for change. The national search for solutions to the problems of the uninsured, and the feasibility, options, and ramifications of alternative proposals for health care reform. Student presentations. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, Human Biology 120, or consent of instructor.

Integrated picture of the physical and psychosocial health factors that result in a healthy child building on principles taught in the Human Biology core. Students apply basic human physiology to the physiology of the child to develop perspective on global pediatric health challenges and how the cultural context influences and defines the child living within it.

Weekly lecture series. Examines the linguistic, social class, and cultural factors that impact patient care. Presentations promote culturally sensitive health care services and review contemporary research issues involving minority and underserved populations. Topics include health care inequities and medical practices of African Americans, Asians, Latinos, Native Americans, immigrants, and refugees in both urban and rural settings. 1 unit requires weekly lecture attendance, completion of required readings, completion of response questions; 2 units requires weekly lecture attendance and discussion session, completion of required readings and weekly response questions; additional requirement for 3 units (HUMBIO only) is completion of a significant term paper Only students taking the course for 3 units may request a letter grade.

Available evidence at the national and cross-country level linking social welfare interventions and health outcomes. If and how non-health programs and policies could have an impact on positive health outcomes. Evaluation of social programs and policies that buffer the negative health impact of economic instability and unemployment among adult workers and their children. Examination of safety nets, including public health insurance, income maintenance programs, and disability insurance. Prerequisites: HUMBIO 4B or equivalent, and background in research methods and statistics.

An emerging area of inquiry. Topics include: global migration trends, health Issues/aspects of migration, healthcare and the needs of immigrants in the US, and migrants as healthcare providers: a new area of inquiry in the US. Class is structured to include: lectures lead by the instructor and possible guest speakers; seminar, discussion and case study sessions led by students.

Examines health disparities in the U.S., looking at the patterns of those disparities and their root causes. Explores the intersection of lower social class and ethnic minority status in affecting health status and access to health care. Compares social and biological conceptualizations of race and ethnicity.

Interdisciplinary clinical, research, and policy approaches. The prevalence, predictors, and consequences of obesity and diabetes; biological and physiological mechanisms; clinical treatments including medications and surgery; and the relevance of behavioral, environmental, economic, and policy approaches to obesity prevention and control. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

Interdisciplinary. Focus is on the U.S. Topics include: health research; bioethical, legal, and policy issues; scientific and cultural perspectives; social influences; environmental and lifestyle effects on health; and issues related to special populations. Guest lecturers; student debates. Undergraduates must enroll in HumBio 125 or FEMGEN 125. PhD minor in FGSS, enroll in FEMGEN 256 for 3 units and for a letter grade. Spring.

Disease prevention and health promotion topics pertinent to different stages of the life span emphasizing healthy lifestyle and reducing risk factors in both individuals and communities. Focus is on scientific investigation, the application of behavioral science to risk reduction strategies, and the importance of health promotion as a social and economic imperative. Topics include: epidemiology of chronic diseases; social determinants of health, behavior change; obesity, nutrition, and stress; young adult, mid-life and aging health issues; health care delivery and public health system; workplace wellness programs; and environmental and international issues. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

Social ecological perspective on health emphasizing how individual health behavior is shaped by social forces. Topics include: biobehavioral factors in health; health behavior change; community health promotion; and psychological aspects of illness, patient care, and chronic disease management. Prerequisites: HUMBIO 3B or PSYCH 1, or equivalent.

Women's lives, from childhood through adolescence, reproductive years, and aging. Economic, social, and human rights factors, and the importance of women's capacities to have good health and manage their lives in the face of societal pressures and obstacles. Emphasis is on life or death issues of women's health that depend on their capacity to negotiate or feel empowered, including maternal mortality, violence, HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, and sex trafficking. Organizations addressing these issues. A requirement of this class is participation in public blogs. Prerequisites: Human Biology core or equivalent or consent of instructor.

Open to MD, graduate, and undergraduate students. Assessing the global burden of disease, its distribution among and within countries, its causes, and appropriate interventions requires rigorous quantitative approaches. This course develops skills in these areas by critically examining questions like: How do we know who is sick and where? How are risk factors incorporated into our projections of future disease trends? How do we combine mortality and morbidity in a meaningful way? What works for improving health efficiently? Workshops build familiarity with relevant data and their analysis. Prerequisite: coursework in statistics, biostatistics, quantitative epidemiology, econometrics, or equivalent.

The class is an introduction to the fields of international public health and global medicine. It focuses on resource poor areas of the world and explores major global health problems and their relation to policy, economic development and human rights. The course is intended for students interested in global health, development studies, or international relations, and provides opportunities for in-depth discussion and interaction with experts in the field. .

This course will explore the role of health care systems in societies around the world, identifying the common challenges facing health care systems and how different institutional structures in different countries perform in response to these challenges. We will structure the course around general conceptual frameworks related to key health system institutions (including financing, insurance, provider payment, patient cost-sharing, and the regulation of medical technology). From this foundation, we will draw on the experience of individual countries (high and low income, with heavy chronic disease and infectious disease burdens) to illustrate the function of these institutions under real-world circumstances observed around the globe.

The study of food, and the nutrients and substances therein. Their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease. Emphasis is on the biological, chemical, and physiological processes by which humans ingest, digest, absorb, transport, utilize, and excrete food. Dietary composition and individual choices are discussed in relationship to the food supply, and to population and cultural, race, ethnic, religious, and social economic diversity. The relationships between nutrition and disease; ethnic diets; vegetarianism; nutritional deficiencies; nutritional supplementation; phytochemicals.

Human physiology will be examined by organ systems: respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, and gastrointestinal. Concepts of cell and molecular biology that underlie organ development, pathophysiology and opportunities for regenerative medicine will be introduced. Signaling and integrative control by the endocrine, autonomic and central nervous systems will be introduced. Prerequisite: Biology or Human Biology core.

How body systems respond to the stress of acute exercise and adapt to chronic exercise training. How the cardiovascular system adapts to optimize oxygen delivery and utilization, how muscles generate force and hypertrophy in response to training, how metabolic/biochemical pathways are regulated to support the increased energy demand of exercise. Theories on the causes of fatigue and muscle soreness, and on what limits human performance. Applied topics such as the effects of aging, gender, and environmental conditions (high altitude, heat, cold, microgravity) on exercise capacity will also be discussed. Portions of the class will be flipped with some lectures online and others in class. Heavy emphasis on practical physiology in the second half of the course. Prerequisite: Human Biology core, Biology core, or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

Discussions of controversial topics related to exercise physiology, sports performance, impacts of aging and environmental physiology. Special focus on how to get science out of the lab via novel training programs, medical device development, and science communication. Students will learn the fundamentals of science storytelling and mixed media presentation of ideas. A requirement of this class is participation in blogs, participation in discussions of physiology research, and creation of a science-based story to share with the class. Enrollment limited to 10. Prerequisites: HB135 or consent of instructor.

Chromosomal and hormonal influences on cells, tissues, and organs that underlie the development of reproductive organs and sexual dimorphism of the neuroendocrine system. Effects of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones and environmental factors that differ between men and women on the musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and immunological systems over the lifecourse, from conception to puberty, through reproductive phases (including changes during the menstrual cycle up to and beyond menopause in women and with aging in men). Transgender health issues. Guest lecturers. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor. Undergraduate students must enroll for 3 units.

Includes the study of aspects of common disorders seen in adolescent populations, such as prevalence, developmental course, gender differences, theoretical explanations, and therapeutic interventions. Topics will include mood/anxiety disorders, eating disorders, learning disabilities and ADHD, sexual risk behaviors, developmental disorders, substance abuse, and self-harm. Goals of this course include getting students to think critically about the unique mental health needs of adolescents, collaborating on devising ways to improve the way our society meets those needs, and strengthening writing and communication skills applicable to this area of inquiry.

Developmental perspective. Issues related to scientific, historical, and cultural perceptions; social influences on sexual development; sexual risk; and the limitations and future directions of research. Sexual identity and behavior, sexually transmitted diseases including HIV, pregnancy, abortion, gay and lesbian youth, sex education and condom availability in schools, mass media, exploitative sexual activity, and difficulties and limitations in studying adolescent sexuality. Legal and policy issues, gender differences, and international and historical trends. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

From early childhood through adolescence. Emphasis is on how boys' lives and experiences are embedded within their interpersonal relationships and social and cultural contexts. Interdisciplinary approach including perspectives from fields such as psychology, sociology, and education. Prerequisite: Human Biology core, or Developmental Psychology , or consent of instructor.

Lecture course surveying the biology, linguistic functions, and evolution of the organs of speech and speech centers in the brain, language in animals and humans, the evolution of language itself, and the roles of innateness vs. culture in language. Suitable both for general education and as preparation for further studies in anthropology, biology, linguistics, medicine, psychology, and speech & language therapy. Anthropology concentration: CS, EE. No prerequisites.

Fifteen percent of US children have disabilities. While advances in medicine and technology have increased life expectancy for these children, health care delivery, education, and public attitudes have not kept pace. Students in this course will learn the possibilities and limitations of new biomedical treatments of Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, and autism. Students will also evaluate the impact of public policy initiatives, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Americans with Disabilities Act on inclusion and participation in society.

How do choices relating to bearing, nursing, and raising children influence women's participation in the labor force? Cultural, demographic, and evolutionary explanations, using crosscultural case studies. Emphasis is on understanding fertility and work in light of the options available to women at particular times and places.

Theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues pertaining to the psychological and educational resilience of children and adolescents. Overview of the resilience framework, including current terminology and conceptual and measurement issues. Adaptive systems that enable some children to achieve successful adaptation despite high levels of adversity exposure. How resilience can be studied across multiple levels of analysis, ranging from cell to society. Individual, family, school, and community risk and protective factors that influence children's development and adaptation. Intervention programs designed to foster resilient adaptation in disadvantaged children's populations.

Interdisciplinary. Challenges to and solutions for the young from increased human life expectancy: health care, financial markets, families, work, and politics. Guest lectures from engineers, economists, geneticists, and physiologists.

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human populations. This course introduces students to the major epidemiological study designs and how to compute epidemiological measures of association. The course also covers how error, bias, and confounding can affect analytic findings and how to detect and interpret interaction effects. Students will learn through lectures, problem sets, and critical appraisal of both classic and contemporary research articles.

This course will introduce bioinformatics tools and databases that are commonly used in biology and medicine. The financial, political and social infrastructure that supports bioinformatics databases and biology research will also be discussed. Students will select a biology-related topic of their choice and will use this topic as a case study to learn about bioinformatics tools, science funding, the process of abstract and grant writing and the portrayal of science in the media. Programming skills are NOT required. Prerequistes: HumBio 2A, 3A or equivalent.

Parasitic and other pestilence of public health importance. Pathogenesis, clinical syndromes, complex life cycles, and the interplay among environment, vectors, hosts, and reservoirs in historical context. Public health policy initiatives aimed at halting disease transmission. World Health Organization tropical disease targets including river blindness, sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, mycobacterial disease (tuberculosis and leprosy), malaria, toxoplasmosis, dracunculiais, and intestinal helminthes. Guest lecturers with expertise in disease control. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

Epidemiological methods relevant to human research in cancer. The concepts of risk; case control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies; clinical trials; bias; confounding; interaction; screening; and causal inference. Social, political, economic, and ethical controversies surrounding cancer screening, prevention, and research. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

This course teaches skills in disease control epidemiology. Students will engage in in-depth interdisciplinary study of disease detection and control strategies from a "systems science" perspective, which addresses classical public health dilemmas such as how to allocate limited resources, investigate disease outbreaks, and analyze common problems at the intersection of social policy and public health. Lectures and problem sets will focus on developing quantitative skills essential to public health practice, emphasizing the use of common mathematical techniques for disease control. Readings will complement the lectures and problem sets by offering critical perspectives from the sociology of public health. In-depth case studies from non-governmental organizations, departments of public health, and international agencies will drive the course.

Public health, policy, and research issues. Identify resources at Stanford, and from government, NGOs, and pharmaceutical, advocacy, and international organizations. Sources include biomedical, social, and behavioral sciences. Emphasis on student projects which feature methodologies in the development and design of Operational Research and Implementation Science in AIDS/TB and Malaria in response to PEPFAR and Global Fund programs. Guest lectures. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

The role of stem cells in human development and potential for treating disease. Guest lectures by biologists, ethicists, and legal scholars. Prerequisites:HumBio 2A and 3A, or the equivalent in the BioCore in Biological Sciences.

The variability of the human genome and the role of genomic information in research, drug discovery, and human health. Concepts and interpretations of genomic markers in medical research and real life applications. Human genomes in diverse populations. Original contributions from thought leaders in academia and industry and interaction between students and guest lecturers. Students with a major, minor or coterm in Biology: 109A/209A or 109B/209B may count toward degree program but not both.

Molecular basis of inherited human disease. Diagnostics approaches: simple Mendelian diseases and complex, multifactorial diseases. Genomics: functional genomics, epigenetics, gene expression, SNPs, copy number and other structural genomic variations involved in disease. Novel therapeutic methods: stem cell therapy, gene therapy and drug developments that depend on the knowledge of genomics. Personal genomics, pharmacogenomics, clinical genomics and their role in the future of preventive medicine. Prerequisites: BIO 41 or HUMBIO 2A or consent of instructor. Those with credit in BIOC 118 not eligible to enroll. Course webpage: http://biochem158.stanford.edu/

The historical, contemporary, and future research and practice among genetics, epidemiology, clinical medicine, and public health as a source of insight for medicine and public health. Genetic and environmental contributions to multifactorial diseases; multidisciplinary approach to enhancing detection and diagnosis. The impact of the Human Genome Project on analysis of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and cancer. Ethical and social issues in the use of genetic information. Prerequisite: basic course in genetics; for undergraduates, Human Biology core or equivalent or consent of instructor.

Multidisciplinary. How to approach complex normal and abnormal behaviors through biology. How to integrate disciplines including sociobiology, ethology, neuroscience, and endocrinology to examine behaviors such as aggression, sexual behavior, language use, and mental illness.

Preference to seniors and graduate students. The neurochemistry and neurophysiology of changes in brain activity and conscious awareness associated with changes in the sleep/wake state. Behavioral and neurobiological phenomena including sleep regulation, sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, sleep function, and the molecular biology of sleep. Enrollment limited to 16.

The nineteenth century witnessed profound developments in neurological and psychological sciences, developments that fundamentally altered conceptions of embodiment, agency, and mind. This course will place these scientific shifts in conversation with theatrical transformations of the period. We will read nineteenth-century neuropsychologists such as Charles Bell, Johannes Müller, George Miller Beard, Jean-Martin Charcot, and Hippolyte Bernheim alongside artists such as Percy Shelley, Georg Büchner, Richard Wagner, Émile Zola, and August Strindberg.

Abnormal social deficits, language development and repetitive behaviors, are the core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect about 1% of all children and costs society an estimated $35B annually. This interactive new seminar will provide an overview of our understanding of ASD, from genetics through epidemiology, biology and treatment, and the many implications for society, including the principles and problems of diagnosis, its impact upon family and lifespan, and controversies regarding its etiology, perception and care.

This course concerns eyes and art. It asks how eyes are built, how they process visual information, and how they are affected by diseases that are major problems in our society. These topics are illustrated through fine art and famous artists, and we explore the implications of both normal and abnormal vision for art. There are short diversions into animal eyes and the role of vision in music, literature, and sports.

Although Stanford is renowned as a place of learning and research, the goal of this class is to approach Stanford University as a subject worthy of study in and of itself. Students will study Stanford in terms of the built environment (e.g. architecture; how buildings and styles interact; how the landscape shapes the flow of people, plants, and animals), the human interactions (e.g. sociology of tourism, the politics of land use), and the ecology (flora, fauna, geology, climatology, and pest control) of campus.nThe students in this course will defamiliarize themselves with their campus environment and approach Stanford with new eyes-the eyes of the anthropologist, the photographer, the historian, the artist, and the tourist. We will explore its edifices, gardens, sculptures, open spaces, and commercial areas. Moreover, we will use Stanford as a lens to discuss a variety of disciplines: architecture, educational theory, California history, climatology, and natural history. But more than anything, we will focus on the human component, including the vision, drive, and serendipity that shaped the University.nIn taking the course students will hone their skills in field observation that will carry over to future field work in more distant locales, develop an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing complex institutions, and gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity and richness of Stanford that will enhance all aspects of their remaining time as undergraduates. On a daily basis, the class will consist of three components: class presentations and discussions, formal and informal talks by many of the local experts at Stanford, and topical field trips. Students will select a theme that is of personal interest and develop field observation techniques useful for their particular topics. Course assignments will be to give two presentations on specific aspects of Stanford. In addition, each student will keep a field note-book with daily observations and field notes, post a collection of photographic observations, and complete pertinent readings. Plan to work intensely and have a great time in the process.

This course uses an interdisciplinary approach to examine the laws and regulation of sex in the United States by considering the legal, policy, social, political and scientific bases (or lack thereof) of such laws, the context and objectives of sex regulation, and the political dynamics of contemporary and controversial issues presented by this subject. Some laws reflect policies to protect persons from harm related to sexual conduct, such as rape, assault and pedophilia. Other laws impose notions of morality, such as sodomy, incest or polygamy, or homosexuality, or reflect policy or social judgments regarding abortion, contraceptives, and sexual activity of minors. Regulation often concern consensual conduct. This course will consider these topics from varying perspectives and policy objectives, and in the context of Constitutional and other liberty interests.

How the legal rights of children and adolescents in America are defined, protected, and enforced through the legal process within the context of their developmental needs and competing societal interests. Topics: origins and definitions of children's rights; adoption; custody; the juvenile justice system; education; informed consent; health care; protection from harm and child welfare; due process; and privacy and freedom of expression. Interactive, using hypotheticals for discussion and analysis. A and B alternate annually; students may take one or both. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

Classic articles, legal cases, and foundational concepts. Theoretical approaches derived from philosophy. The ethics of medicine and research on human subjects, assisted reproductive technologies, genetics, cloning, and stem cell research. Ethical issues at the end of life. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

This course examines the ways literary and medical writers have used the narrative form to explore the ethics of care in what has been called the developing world. We will begin with a call made by the editor-in-chief of The Lancet for a literature of global health -- modeled on the social reform novels of the nineteenth century, which are meant to have helped readers develop a modern public health conscience. We will study global health ethics as a field initially rooted in philosophy and policy that address questions raised by practice in resource-constrained communities abroad. And we will spend the quarter understanding how colonial and world literatures may deepen and even alter these questions. Readings will be selected from Albert Schweitzer, Aime Cesaire, Albert Camus, Frantz Fanon, Antonio Olinto, Ben Okri, Amitav Ghosh, Anne Fadiman, and Paul Farmer.

Impact of infectious diseases on human society. Some topics include: Plague of Justinian and 14th century; impact on exploration, trade and conquest; how slavery, malaria and yellow fever conspired to alter the New World; Microbes and war; diseases of poverty, tuberculosis and others; Cholera and public health; pandemic influenza; diseases of human progress. Students give a 30 minute presentation on a topic of their choosing that exemplifies an aspect of the impact of politics, societal influences, religion or other forces on infectious diseases.

Emphasis is on how health, illness, and healing are understood, experienced, and constructed in social, cultural, and historical contexts. Topics: biopower and body politics, gender and reproductive technologies, illness experiences, medical diversity and social suffering, and the interface between medicine and science.

This course examines the ways in which medicine is practiced in diverse cultural contexts with narrative skills of recognizing, interpreting and being moved by the stories of illness. It is an examination of the human experience of illness and healing through narratives as presented in literature, film, and storytelling. We explore how cultural resources enable and empower healing and how narrative medicine can guide the practice of culturally competent medical care.

Ethical and political questions in public service work, including volunteering, service learning, humanitarian assistance, and public service professions such as medicine and teaching. Motives and outcomes in service work. Connections between service work and justice. Is mandatory service an oxymoron? History of public service in the U.S. Issues in crosscultural service work. Integration with the Haas Center for Public Service to connect service activities and public service aspirations with academic experiences at Stanford. [This class is capped but there are some spaces available with permission of instructor. If the class is full and you would like to be considered for these extra spaces, please email sburbank@stanford.edu with your name, grade level, and a paragraph explaining why you want to take the class.]

(Same as History 105C. History majors and others taking 5 units, enroll in 105C.) Interdisciplinary approach to understanding the extent and complexity of the global phenomenon of human trafficking, especially for forced prostitution and labor exploitation, focusing on human rights violations and remedies. Provides a historical context for the development and spread of human trafficking. Analyzes the current international and domestic legal and policy frameworks to combat trafficking and evaluates their practical implementation. Examines the medical, psychological, and public health issues involved. Uses problem-based learning and offers an optional service-learning component.

[Technical error is capping enrollment prematurely; come to first day of class] Course offers an interdisciplinary feminist perspective on the causes of gender violence, addresses the multi-leveled approaches to ending gender violence, and explores the relationship between violence against women and other forms of oppression: racism, economic exploitation, heterosexism and social class. Framework examines institutional barriers maintaining gender violence in our culture and considers multi-dimensional solutions. Students from every discipline, women and men, apply theoretical perspectives to professional goals and an optional service-learning project. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center)

The tiny remote islands of Galápagos have played a large and central role in the study of evolution. Not surprisingly, they have also been central to the study of conservation. The fascinating adaptations of organisms to the unique ecosystems of the archipelago have left them particularly vulnerable to outside introductions. Drawing on lessons learned in Galapagos from Darwin's time to the present, this seminar explores evolution, conservation, and their connection in the Galapagos. Using case-study material on finches, iguanas, tortoises, cacti, Scalesia plants, and more, we will explore current theory and debate about adaptation, sexual selection, speciation, adaptive radiation, and other topics in evolution. Similarly, we will explore the special challenges Galápagos poses today for conservation, owing to both its unusual biota and the increasing human impact on the archipelago. This course includes an intensive eleven-day expedition to Galápagos to observe firsthand the evolutionary phenomena and conservation issues discussed in class. A chartered ship will serve as our floating classroom, dormitory, and dining hall as we work our way around the archipelago to visit as many as ten islands. For this portion of the class, undergraduates will be joined by a group of Stanford alumni and friends in a format called a Stanford "Field Seminar." Because our class time on campus is limited to one week before travel, students will be required to complete all course readings over the summer. Both on campus and in South America, the course emphasizes student contributions and presentations. Students will be asked to lead discussions and carry out literature research on the evolutionary and conservation biology of particular Galápagos species. The final assignment for the seminar is to complete a seven- to ten-page paper on the evolutionary biology and conservation challenges of a particular organism or adaptation and to present the main findings of that paper in a joint seminar of undergrads and alumni as we travel in Galápagos. Note: Students will arrive on campus and will be housed at Stanford until we leave for Galápagos. Travel to Galápagos will be provided and paid by Sophomore College (except incidentals) and is made possible by the support of the Stanford Alumni Association Travel/Study Program and generous donors. Students will return to campus late afternoon or evening on Sunday, September 23, the day before the fall term begins.

Study of the human skeleton (a. k. a. human osteology), as it bears on other disciplines, including medicine, forensics, archaeology, and paleoanthropology (human evolution). Basic bone biology, anatomy, and development, emphasizing hands-on examination and identification of human skeletal parts, their implications for determining an individual¿s age, sex, geographic origin, and health status, and for the evolutionary history of our species. Three hours of lecture and at least three hours of supervised and independent study in the lab each week.

The biological basis for endogenous timekeeping in organisms from flies to human beings. How biological clocks are constructed at the molecular, tissue, and behavioral levels; how these clocks interact with other physiological systems and allow animals to anticipate changes in their environment. Applications of circadian rhythm principles to treating human disorders and diseases such as cancer. Prerequisite: Biology or Human Biology core, or consent of instructor.

This course explores the human dimensions of conservation efforts under way in the Amazon Basin of South America. It has two specific goals: (1) to introduce the human ecology of Amazonia; and (2) to assess the prospects for joint efforts at biodiversity conservation and community development. We will draw on case studies to investigate such topics as the causes and consequences of deforestation, the social impact of parks and protected areas, and the potential for "Integrated Conservation and Development Projects" (ICDPs) such as extractive reserves, natural forest management, biodiversity prospecting, and community-based ecotourism. The course views Amazonia as a microcosm of the challenges facing conservation and development efforts today in the Third World. nPart of the course is an intensive 11-day expedition to the Peruvian Amazon, at no extra cost, to observe firsthand the conservation and development dilemmas discussed in class. We will visit ecolodges in the rainforest, walking miles of trails to learn about local flora, fauna, and conservation efforts. We will also visit Machu Picchu in the upper reaches of the rainforest. For the travel portion of the class, undergraduates will be joined by a group of Stanford alumni and friends. nStudent contributions and presentations are emphasized throughout the course. Students are expected to come well-prepared to each session, to lead discussions, and to carry out literature research. The final assignment is a 6 to 8 page paper on a case study of your own choosing¿or an equivalent piece of a longer collaborative paper¿that offers a critical assessment of one particular conservation and/or development project in or near the region we will visit. Students will present the main findings of their papers in a joint seminar of undergraduates and alumni as we travel in the Peruvian Amazon. n nNote: Students will arrive on campus and will be housed at Stanford until we leave for the Amazon. Travel to and from Peru¿organized by the Travel/Study Program of the Stanford Alumni Association¿is included; costs are defrayed by the Stanford Field Seminar Fund and generous donors.

Independent research conducted under faculty supervision, in junior or senior year, normally but not necessarily in pursuit of an honors project. May be taken for a maximum 3 quarters of credit. Prerequisite: Faculty approval; application available in student services office.

Completion of the honors project, normally taken in the student's final quarter. First component: the honors thesis, a final paper providing evidence of rigorous research, fully referenced, and written in an accepted scientific style. Second component: participation in the honors symposium, including a 10-minute oral presentation followed by a brief question and answer session. Prerequisites: 193 or 199, and acceptance into the honors program.

Limited to and required of Human Biology majors. A supervised field, community, or lab experience of student's choosing, pre-approved by Human Biology faculty and student advisers, and initiated at least three quarters prior to graduation. Participation in a poster session on the internship experience is required during the first quarter that the student is in residence at Stanford after completion of the internship. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Human Biology core.

Reading for Human Biology majors in exceptional circumstances and under sponsorship of Human Biology associated faculty. Students must apply through Human Biology student services before registering. Reading list, paper, and evaluation required. May be repeated for credit.

Human Biology majors must obtain a sponsor from the Human Biology associated faculty or the Academic Council. Non-majors and students who have not declared must obtain a sponsor only from the Human Biology associated faculty. Students must complete application in student services office.

For upper division undergraduates and graduate students. Practical experience in teaching Human Biology or serving as an assistant in a lecture course. May be repeated for credit.

Evolutionary principles to understand how the brain regulates behavior physiologically, and is also influenced by behavioral interactions. Topics include neuron structure and function, transmission of neural information, anatomy and physiology of sensory and motor systems, regulation of body states, the biological basis of learning and memory, and behavioral abnormalities.

This course examines contemporary child nutrition in America, from the level of the intestinal villus to the food marketing directed at children, as well as the diseases associated with inappropriate nutrition. Students will obtain an understanding of what constitutes a healthy diet for growth and how dietary needs change throughout childhood and adolescence. We will review existing community and school-based nutrition interventions as well as pertinent literature on child nutrition. Students will also gain practical experience in healthy food preparation, emphasizing a seed-to-table approach.

Preference to sophomores. For students considering medicine as a career. Goal is to acquaint students with medical school, training in medicine and surgery, and the practice of medicine and surgery using stories to illustrate the topics: how to pick a medical school and a residency; how medicine affects family life, especially children; the differences between surgical and medical specialties; the advantages and disadvantages among academic/teaching, pure research, group practice, HMO, hospital staff, or private practice; malpractice concerns; financial considerations; and the importance of empathy.

The complexity of social and political issues surrounding global environmental change. Emphasis is on synergies precipitated by human-induced climatic change. Case studies and scenarios to explore the vulnerability and resilience in households, communities, regions, and nationmstates most affected by extreme weather conditions. Their concerns, livelihood changes, and diverse responses of rural smallholders, indigenous communities, the state, and local and regional migrants. Central theme is environmental justice.

Demographic methods and their application to understanding and projecting changes in human infant, child, and adult mortality and health, fertility, population, sex ratios, and demographic transitions. Progress in human development, capabilities, and freedoms. Relationships between population and environment. Prerequisites: numeracy and basic statistics; Biology or Human Biology core; or consent of instructor.

Major determinants of health in a community. Working with community partners to identify health issues and plan programs and policies to prevent disease and promote health. Service learning component involving students in community health assessment techniques. Final grade given upon completion of HUMBIO 127B. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center). Prerequisite: 4B or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

Continuation of 127A. Service learning course with emphasis on conducting community health assessment and planning projects in collaboration with community-based organizations. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center). Prerequisite: 4B or equivalent, 127A, or consent of instructor.

Underlying changes and their consequences in everyday functioning. Physical, cognitive, social, and sexual development; how these changes influence the emerging sense of identity, autonomy, and intimacy. Contexts in which adolescents move such as family, friends and peers, school, and workplace. Focus is on normal development of boys and girls; attention to problem outcomes including eating disorders, depression, and teen pregnancy. Prerequisite: 3B or PSYCH 1, or consent of instructor.

Primary and current literature in basic and clinical science aspects of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and demonstrations of current ART techniques including in vitro fertilization and embryo culture, and micromanipulation procedures such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo biopsy and cryopreservation.Class only may be taken for 1 unit. 2 units includes papers and attendance at clinical demonstrations. 3 units includes a term paper. Recommended: DBIO 201, or consent of instructors.

Viral lifestyle is a seminar devoted to exploring contemporary topics in microbiology with a focus on the global microbiome. The course includes lectures and will provide an opportunity for students to interact with each other, the instructor and guest lecturers to explore novel research areas in microbiology that are still being formed. The course will begin with lectures on topics such as cross-species transmission of microbes and human microbiome and will transition to presentation and discussion led by student groups. A significant percentage of class will be devoted to presentation and discussion focused on group projects.

Advanced seminar. Human aspects of viral disease, focusing on recent discoveries in vaccine development and emerging infections. Journal club format: students choose articles from primary scientific literature, write formal summaries, and synthesize them into a literature review. Emphasis is on analysis, experimental design, and interpretation of data. Oral presentations. Enrollment limited to 8. Prerequisite: prior enrollment in HumBio 155H Humans and Viruses or MI 116, The Human Virosphere

Introduction to human virology integrating epidemiology, molecular biology, clinical sciences, social sciences, history, and the arts. Emphasis is on host pathogen interactions and policy issues. Topics: polio and vaccination, smallpox and eradication, yellow fever and history, influenza and genomic diversity, rubella and childhood infections, adenovirus and viral morphology, ebola and emerging infection, lassa fever and immune response.

The field of neuroethology and its vertebrate and invertebrate model systems. Research-oriented. Readings include reviews and original papers. How animal brains compare; how neural circuits are adapted to species-typical behavior; and how the sensory worlds of different species represent the world. Lectures and required discussions. Satisfies Central Menu Area 3 for Bio majors. Prerequisites: BIO 42, HUMBIO 4A.

The class examines the array of forces that affect the foods human beings eat, and when, where, and how we eat them, including human labor, agriculture, environmental sustainability, politics, animal rights/welfare, ethics, policy, culture, economics, business, law, trade, and ideology, and psychology. The class addresses the impact of current policies and actions that might be taken to improve human nutrition and health; macro-scale influences on food, nutrition, and eating behavior.

The role of science in civil rights, justice, policy, criminal justice, evidence, education, and disabled rights.

The interaction of science, business and law: how scientific ideas are protected by law; the rights of those who invent, develop, and finance scientific discovery; and how ideas are commercialized and brought to market. What kinds of research, discovery, and innovation are protected; who has rights that can be protected; what kinds of rights can be protected, and the kinds of protections that apply; how inventions are commercialized; and the success and failure of businesses based on scientific discovery. Prerequisite: Human Biology core or equivalent, or consent of instructor.

The differences between disease as pathology and as the patient's experience. Topics include: patient-doctor relationships; medical technology; the changing focus on illness; gender issues; love, sex, and illness; mental illness; sick children; and death and dying. Limited enrollment.

Illness and disease through novels and plays by authors including Shakespeare, Miller, Sophocles, Hemingway, and Camus. How sickness involves the patient, family, community, and state. Limited enrollment.

The puzzle of symbolic healing. How have societies without the resources of modern medicine approached healing? Why do these rituals have common features around the world? Shamanism, spirit possession, prayer, and the role of placebos in modern biomedicine. Students do ethnographic work and practical explorations along with more traditional scholarly approaches to learning.