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AA 100: Introduction to Aeronautics and Astronautics

This class introduces the basics of aeronautics and astronautics through applied physics, hands-on activities, and real world examples. The principles of fluid flow, flight, and propulsion for aircraft will be illustrated, including the creation of lift and drag, aerodynamic performance including takeoff, climb, range, and landing. The principles of orbits, maneuvers, space environment, and propulsion for spacecraft will be illustrated. Students will be exposed to the history and challenges of aeronautics and astronautics.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

AA 116Q: Electric Automobiles and Aircraft

Transportation accounts for nearly one-third of American energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and three-quarters of American oil consumption. It has crucial impacts on climate change, air pollution, resource depletion, and national security. Students wishing to address these issues reconsider how we move, finding sustainable transportation solutions. An introduction to the issue, covering the past and present of transportation and its impacts; examining alternative fuel proposals; and digging deeper into the most promising option: battery electric vehicles. Energy requirements of air, ground, and maritime transportation; design of electric motors, power control systems, drive trains, and batteries; and technologies for generating renewable energy. Two opportunities for hands-on experiences with electric cars. Prerequisites: Introduction to calculus and Physics AP or elementary mechanics.
Last offered: Autumn 2016 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

AA 118N: How to Design a Space Mission: from Concept to Execution

Space exploration is truly fascinating. From the space race led by governments as an outgrowth of the Cold War to the new era of space commercialization led by private companies and startups, more than 50 years have passed, characterized by great leaps forward and discoveries. We will learn how space missions are designed, from concept to execution, based on the professional experience of the lecturer and numerous examples of spacecraft, including unique hardware demonstrations by startups of the Silicon Valley. We will study the essentials of systems engineering as applicable to a variety of mission types, for communication, navigation, science, commercial, and military applications. We will explore the various elements of a space mission, including the spacecraft, ground, and launch segments with their functionalities. Special emphasis will be given to the design cycle, to understand how spacecraft are born, from the stakeholders' needs, through analysis, synthesis, all the way to their integration and validation. We will compare the current designs with those employed in the early days of the space age, and show the importance of economics in the development of spacecraft. Finally, we will brainstorm startup ideas and apply the concepts learned to a notional space mission design as a team.
Last offered: Autumn 2019 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

AA 120Q: Building Trust in Autonomy

Major advances in both hardware and software have accelerated the development of autonomous systems that have the potential to bring significant benefits to society. Google, Tesla, and a host of other companies are building autonomous vehicles that can improve safety and provide flexible mobility options for those who cannot drive themselves. On the aviation side, the past few years have seen the proliferation of unmanned aircraft that have the potential to deliver medicine and monitor agricultural crops autonomously. In the financial domain, a significant portion of stock trades are performed using automated trading algorithms at a frequency not possible by human traders. How do we build these systems that drive our cars, fly our planes, and invest our money? How do we develop trust in these systems? What is the societal impact on increased levels of autonomy?
Last offered: Winter 2021 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

AA 121Q: It IS Rocket Science!

It's an exciting time for space exploration. Companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin are launching rockets into space and bringing them back for reuse. NASA is developing the world's most powerful rocket. Startups are deploying constellations of hundreds of cubesats for communications, navigation, and earth monitoring. The human race has recently gotten a close look at Pluto, soft landed on a comet, and orbited two asteroids. The upcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope will allow astronomers to look closer to the beginning of time than ever before. The workings of space systems remain mysterious to most people, but in this seminar we'll pull back the curtain for a look at the basics of "rocket science." How does a SpaceX rocket get into space? How do Skybox satellites capture images for Google Earth? How did the New Horizons probe find its way to Pluto? How do we communicate with spacecraft that are so distant? We'll explore these topics and a range of others during the quarter. We'll cover just enough physics and math to determine where to look in the sky for a spacecraft, planet, or star. Then we'll check our math by going outside for an evening pizza party observing these objects in the night sky. We'll also visit a spacecraft production facility or Mission Operations Center to see theory put into practice.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

AA 122N: Dawn of the Drones: How Will Unmanned Aerial Systems Change Our World?

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) have exploded on the scene in recent years, igniting a national debate about how to use them, how to regulate them, and how to make them safe. This seminar will dive into the many engineering challenges behind the headlines: in the future, how will we engineer UASs ranging in size from simple RC toys to highly-sophisticated autonomous scientific and military data gathering systems? This seminar will examine the key elements required to conceive, implement, deploy, and operate state-of-the-art of drone systems: What variety of problems can they help us solve? How autonomous are they and how autonomous do they need to be? What are the key technical bottlenecks preventing widespread deployment? How are they different from commercial aircraft? What kinds of companies will serve the market for UAV-related products and services? What business models will be successful and why? We will emphasize aspects of design, autonomy, reliability, navigation, sensing, and perception, as well as coordination/collaboration through a series of case studies drawn from our recent experience. Examples include imaging efforts to map the changing coral reefs in the South Pacific, using and controlling swarms of unmanned systems to perform search and rescue missions over large areas, and package delivery systems over large metropolitan areas. Hands-on experience with Stanford-developed UASs will be part of the seminar.
Last offered: Spring 2018 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

ANTHRO 91A: Archaeological Methods (ARCHLGY 102)

Methodological issues related to the investigation of archaeological sites and objects. Aims and techniques of archaeologists including: location and excavation of sites; dating of places and objects; analysis of artifacts and technology and the study of ancient people, plants, and animals. How these methods are employed to answer the discipline's larger research questions. Significant work outside of class time is expected of the student for this course.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Gravalos, M. (PI)

ANTHRO 119: Zooarchaeology: An Introduction to Faunal Remains (ANTHRO 219, ARCHLGY 119)

As regularly noted, whether historic or pre-historic, animal bones are often the most commonly occurring artefacts on archaeological sites. As bioarchaeological samples, they offer the archaeologist an insight into food culture, provisioning, trade and the social aspects of human-animal interactions. The course will be taught through both practical and lecture sessions: the hands-on component is an essential complement to the lectures. The lectures will offer grounding in the main methodological approaches developed, as well as provide case-studies to illustrate where and how the methods have been applied. The practical session will walk students through the skeletal anatomy of a range of species. It will guide students on the identification of different parts of the animal, how to age / sex individuals, as well as recognize taphonomic indicators and what these mean to reconstructing post-depositional modifications.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ANTHRO 171: The Biology and Evolution of Language (ANTHRO 271)

Lecture course surveying the biology, linguistic functions, and evolution of the organs of speech and speech centers in the brain, language in animals and humans, the evolution of language itself, and the roles of innateness vs. culture in language. Suitable both for general education and as preparation for further studies in anthropology, biology, linguistics, medicine, psychology, and speech & language therapy. Anthropology concentration: CS, EE. No prerequisites.
Last offered: Winter 2017 | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

ANTHRO 180B: Investigating Ancient Materials (ANTHRO 280B, ARCHLGY 180, ARCHLGY 280, MATSCI 127, MATSCI 227)

If you wish to enroll, please use the linked form to request instructor consent: https://tinyurl.com/AncientMaterials - This course examines how concepts and methods from materials science are applied to the analysis of archaeological artifacts, with a focus on artifacts made from inorganic materials (ceramics and metals). Coverage includes chemical analysis, microscopy, and testing of physical properties, as well as various research applications within anthropological archaeology. Students will learn how to navigate the wide range of available analytical techniques in order to choose methods that are appropriate to the types of artifacts being examined and that are capable of answering the archaeological questions being asked. ----- If you wish to enroll, please use the linked form to request instructor consent: https://tinyurl.com/AncientMaterials For full consideration, this form must be submitted by Monday, September 4th.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Chastain, M. (PI)

ANTHRO 280B: Investigating Ancient Materials (ANTHRO 180B, ARCHLGY 180, ARCHLGY 280, MATSCI 127, MATSCI 227)

If you wish to enroll, please use the linked form to request instructor consent: https://tinyurl.com/AncientMaterials - This course examines how concepts and methods from materials science are applied to the analysis of archaeological artifacts, with a focus on artifacts made from inorganic materials (ceramics and metals). Coverage includes chemical analysis, microscopy, and testing of physical properties, as well as various research applications within anthropological archaeology. Students will learn how to navigate the wide range of available analytical techniques in order to choose methods that are appropriate to the types of artifacts being examined and that are capable of answering the archaeological questions being asked. ----- If you wish to enroll, please use the linked form to request instructor consent: https://tinyurl.com/AncientMaterials For full consideration, this form must be submitted by Monday, September 4th.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Chastain, M. (PI)

APPPHYS 13N: A Taste of Quantum Physics (PHYSICS 13N)

What is quantum physics and what makes it so weird? We'll introduce key aspects of quantum physics with an aim to explain why it differs from everyday 'classical' physics. Quantum-enabled devices like the laser and atomic clocks for GPS will be explained. We will also discuss the breakthroughs driving the 2nd quantum technology revolution surrounding quantum simulators, sensors, and computers. Seminar discussions and a laser lab will help illustrate core principles, including the atomic clock mechanism. Visits to campus laboratories will introduce cutting-edge quantum experiments. This IntroSem is designed for those likely to go on to major in the humanities or in a STEM program outside of the natural sciences. (Likely STEM majors are instead encouraged to take 100-level quantum courses upon completion of pre-requirements.) While basic familiarity with high school physics is recommended, qualitative explanations will be emphasized. By the end of the quarter, you will be able to explain the key tenets of quantum physics, how it has enabled current technology, and what new technologies might emerge from the 2nd quantum revolution.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Lev, B. (PI)

APPPHYS 77N: Functional Materials and Devices

Preference to freshmen. Exploration via case studies how functional materials have been developed and incorporated into modern devices. Particular emphasis is on magnetic and dielectric materials and devices. Recommended: high school physics course including electricity and magnetism.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Suzuki, Y. (PI)

APPPHYS 79N: Energy Options for the 21st Century

Preference to frosh. Choices for meeting the future energy needs of the U.S. and the world. Basic physics of energy sources, technologies that might be employed, and related public policy issues. Trade-offs and societal impacts of different energy sources. Policy options for making rational choices for a sustainable world energy economy.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Fox, J. (PI)

APPPHYS 100: The Questions of Clay: Craft, Creativity and Scientific Process (ARTSINST 100)

Students will create individual studio portfolios of ceramic work and pursue technical investigations of clay properties and the firing process using modern scientific equipment. Emphasis on development of creative process; parallels between science and traditional craft; integration of creative expression with scientific method and analysis. Prior ceramics experience desirable but not necessary. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: any level of background in physics, Instructor permission.
Last offered: Spring 2020 | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-CE, WAY-SMA

APPPHYS 189: Physical Analysis of Artworks (APPPHYS 389, ARCHLGY 189)

Students explore the use of Stanford Nano Shared Facilities (SNSF) for physical analysis of material samples of interest for art conservation, technical art history and archaeology. Weekly SNSF demonstrations will be supplemented by lectures on intellectual context by Stanford faculty/staff and conservators from the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (FAMSF). Students will undertake analysis projects derived from ongoing conservation efforts at FAMSF, including training on the use of relevant SNSF instruments and data analysis.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Mabuchi, H. (PI)

ARCHLGY 102: Archaeological Methods (ANTHRO 91A)

Methodological issues related to the investigation of archaeological sites and objects. Aims and techniques of archaeologists including: location and excavation of sites; dating of places and objects; analysis of artifacts and technology and the study of ancient people, plants, and animals. How these methods are employed to answer the discipline's larger research questions. Significant work outside of class time is expected of the student for this course.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Gravalos, M. (PI)

ARCHLGY 119: Zooarchaeology: An Introduction to Faunal Remains (ANTHRO 119, ANTHRO 219)

As regularly noted, whether historic or pre-historic, animal bones are often the most commonly occurring artefacts on archaeological sites. As bioarchaeological samples, they offer the archaeologist an insight into food culture, provisioning, trade and the social aspects of human-animal interactions. The course will be taught through both practical and lecture sessions: the hands-on component is an essential complement to the lectures. The lectures will offer grounding in the main methodological approaches developed, as well as provide case-studies to illustrate where and how the methods have been applied. The practical session will walk students through the skeletal anatomy of a range of species. It will guide students on the identification of different parts of the animal, how to age / sex individuals, as well as recognize taphonomic indicators and what these mean to reconstructing post-depositional modifications.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ARCHLGY 126: Archaeobotany (ARCHLGY 226, BIO 186, BIO 286)

Archaeobotany, also known as paleoethnobotany, is the study of the interrelationships of plants and humans through the archaeological record. Knowledge and understanding of Archaeobotany sufficient to interpret, evaluate, and understand archaeobotanical data. Dominant approaches in the study of archaeobotanical remains: plant macro-remains, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains in the identification of diet and environmental reconstruction.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Grauer, K. (PI)

ARCHLGY 133: Experimental Archaeology (ARCHLGY 233)

This course is designed for graduate students who are interested in experimental study in archaeology. Undergraduates who are not Archaeology Majors will need permission from the instructor. We will discuss the current issues in the discipline, particularly related to archaeological research on food and foodways. We will conduct experimental study and laboratory analyses to investigate ancient human behavior in food fermentation. The archaeological methods include analyses of use-wear on stone tools and various microbotanical remains (starch, phytoliths, fibers, fungi, etc.) on artifacts.
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ARCHLGY 180: Investigating Ancient Materials (ANTHRO 180B, ANTHRO 280B, ARCHLGY 280, MATSCI 127, MATSCI 227)

If you wish to enroll, please use the linked form to request instructor consent: https://tinyurl.com/AncientMaterials - This course examines how concepts and methods from materials science are applied to the analysis of archaeological artifacts, with a focus on artifacts made from inorganic materials (ceramics and metals). Coverage includes chemical analysis, microscopy, and testing of physical properties, as well as various research applications within anthropological archaeology. Students will learn how to navigate the wide range of available analytical techniques in order to choose methods that are appropriate to the types of artifacts being examined and that are capable of answering the archaeological questions being asked. ----- If you wish to enroll, please use the linked form to request instructor consent: https://tinyurl.com/AncientMaterials For full consideration, this form must be submitted by Monday, September 4th.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Chastain, M. (PI)

ARCHLGY 189: Physical Analysis of Artworks (APPPHYS 189, APPPHYS 389)

Students explore the use of Stanford Nano Shared Facilities (SNSF) for physical analysis of material samples of interest for art conservation, technical art history and archaeology. Weekly SNSF demonstrations will be supplemented by lectures on intellectual context by Stanford faculty/staff and conservators from the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (FAMSF). Students will undertake analysis projects derived from ongoing conservation efforts at FAMSF, including training on the use of relevant SNSF instruments and data analysis.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Mabuchi, H. (PI)

ARTSINST 100: The Questions of Clay: Craft, Creativity and Scientific Process (APPPHYS 100)

Students will create individual studio portfolios of ceramic work and pursue technical investigations of clay properties and the firing process using modern scientific equipment. Emphasis on development of creative process; parallels between science and traditional craft; integration of creative expression with scientific method and analysis. Prior ceramics experience desirable but not necessary. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: any level of background in physics, Instructor permission.
Last offered: Spring 2020 | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-CE, WAY-SMA

BIO 2N: Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease in a Changing World

This seminar will explore the ways in which anthropogenic change, climate change, habitat destruction, land use change, and species invasions effects the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Topics will include infectious diseases of humans, wildlife, livestock, and crops, effects of disease on threatened species, disease spillover, emerging diseases, and the role of disease in natural systems. Course will be taught through a combination of popular and scientific readings, discussion, and lecture. .
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 5N: Ants

Collective behavior, widespread in nature, operates without central control, using interactions among the participants. Ant colonies provide great opportunities to learn about collective behavior. Colonies consist of one or more reproductive females, which although they are called 'queens' do not direct the behavior of the rest of the colony, comprised of sterile female workers. Ants as a group are enormously diverse, with more than 14,000 species in every habitat on earth, and they show very diverse forms of collective behavior reflecting different ecological conditions. The course will include discussion of research about ant colony behavior, ecology, and evolution; a research project on campus involving observation and hypothesis testing; and, for the technologically-inclined, some simple simulations based on agent-based modeling.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 8N: Human Origins

A survey of the anatomical and behavioral evidence for human evolution and of the increasingly important information from molecular genetics. Emphasis on the split between the human and chimpanzee lines 6-7 million years ago, the appearance of the australopiths by 4.1 million years ago, the emergence of the genus Homo about 2.5 million years ago, the spread of Homo from Africa 1.7-1.6 million years ago, the subsequent divergence of Homo into different species on different continents, and the expansion of fully modern humans (Homo sapiens) from Africa about 50,000 years ago to replace the Neanderthals and other non-modern Eurasians.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 9N: Chilis: Biology, History, Travels, Cuisine

Chili peppers are used worldwide. They are grown in astonishing variety even though they are used most often to flavor food. Yet the first chile peppers evolved in what Europeans call the New World (Central and South America). How do we know chilis came from the New World? How did they get to Europe, Africa, India, China? How did chilis become an integral part of so many cuisines? What forms of chili pepper do we find around the world?
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Tuljapurkar, S. (PI)

BIO 11S: Microbiology: Human Health & Society

This course covers the fundamentals of microbiology and encompasses the tiny world of microbes (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and more). How have microbes impacted human health and society? It turns out that we cannot live without microbes, but we also have first-hand experience over the last few years of just how deadly and life-altering microbes can be! In exploring microbiology, we will take a multi-disciplinary approach combining molecular genetics (how gene expression is regulated in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes), biochemistry, and immunology. We will also explore key advances in biotechnology that have been made possible through our discovery of microbes and how they work including cloning, PCR, and CRISPR. This course will offer a laboratory component to allow students hands-on experience observing and working with bacteria and small eukaryotes and experimental design.
Terms: Sum | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Yamada, S. (PI)

BIO 12N: Sensory Ecology of Marine Animals (OCEANS 12N)

Animals living in the oceans experience a highly varied range of environmental stimuli. An aquatic lifestyle requires an equally rich range of sensory adaptations, including some that are totally foreign to us. In this course we will examine sensory system in marine animals from both an environmental and behavioral perspective and from the point of view of neuroscience and information systems engineering.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Thompson, S. (PI)

BIO 25Q: Cystic fibrosis: from medical conundrum to precision medicine success story

The class will explore cystic fibrosis (CF), the most prevalent fatal genetic disease in the US, as a scientific and medical whodunit. Through reading and discussion of medical and scientific literature, we will tackle questions that include: how was life expectancy with CF increased from weeks to decades without understanding the disease mechanism? Why is the disease so prevalent? Is there an advantage to being a carrier? Is CF a single disease or a continuum of physiological variation; or- what is a disease? How did research into CF lead to discovery of the underlying cause of most other genetic diseases as well? Through critical reading of the scientific and medical literature, class discussion, field trips and meetings with genetic counselors, caregivers, patients, physicians and researchers, we will work to build a deep understanding of this disease, from the biochemical basis to the current controversies over pathogenic mechanisms, treatment strategies and the ethics and economics of genetic testing and astronomical drug costs.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Kopito, R. (PI)

BIO 30: Ecology for Everyone

Ecology is the science of interactions and the changes they generate. This project-based course links individual behavior, population growth, species interactions, and ecosystem function. Introduction to measurement, observation, experimental design and hypothesis testing in field projects. The goal is to learn to think analytically about everyday ecological processes, including those that you participate in, which involve bacteria, fungi, plants, animals and humans. The course uses basic statistics to analyze data; there are no math prerequisites except arithmetic. Open to everyone, including those who may be headed for more advanced courses in ecology and environmental science. The online version will meet synchronously and involve preparation outside of class for interactive discussions during class time. We will organize field projects that you can do wherever you are. Projects begin in the first week of the quarter. For questions please contact Prof. Gordon at dmgordon@stanford.edu.
Last offered: Winter 2021 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 35N: Catching up with Traditional Ecological Knowledge

Traditional ecological knowledge--the knowledge developed and maintained by local communities over many generations about their natural environment--is increasingly recognized as fundamental to solving environmental problems. In this seminar, we will explore some of the cutting-edge research on traditional ecological knowledge and its conceptual and practical role in ensuring environmental sustainability. We will address some key questions. For example, what makes traditional ecological knowledge different from Western science? What led to the recent increase in Western scientists' appreciation of traditional ecological knowledge? How can traditional ecological knowledge inform environmental sustainability in a world that is undergoing rapid climate change, land use change, and biological invasion? And how can Western science complement traditional ecological knowledge to achieve sustainability? The core of this seminar will be discussion based on reading of primary articles. We will also have field trips and learn from guest speakers.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Fukami, T. (PI)

BIO 46: Introduction to Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EARTHSYS 46)

The goal of this course is to develop an understanding of how to conduct biological research, using topics in Ecology as practical examples. This includes the complete scientific process: assessing background literature, generating testable hypotheses, learning techniques for data collection, analyzing data using appropriate statistical methods and writing and sharing results. Students, working in teams, develop novel research hypotheses and execute the necessary experiments and measurements to test these hypotheses. In addition, students will learn how to manipulate, visualize, and analyze data in the statistical programming language R. The capstone of the course is a research paper in the style of a peer-reviewed journal article, as well as a group presentation designed for a general audience that communicates research findings. The Tuesday lecture session will generally meet for only about 60-70 minutes. IMPORTANT NOTE: Students who require BIO 46 to satisfy the WIM requirement for the Biology major MUST take this course for a letter grade. Please contact Elisa Mora (elisahm@stanford.edu) for logistical and enrollment questions.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; WU, A. (PI)

BIO 63: Science of Covid-19

This course is designed to help you solidify fundamental biology concepts and to appreciate their relevance to solving real world problems using Covid-19 as a case study. From the time we learned about the outbreak of a "pneumonia of unknown cause," we have learned so much. We will examine the origin of SARS-CoV-2, how it attacks cells, how the immune system responds, how viral variants emerge and how we can leverage all this information to design treatments and to address larger questions such as how this pandemic might end. Emphasis will be placed on critical thinking and scientific experimentation. You will use open-source online tools, read scientific papers on vaccine development and virus evolution, and use the skills you have developed to investigate a new area of research on Covid-19 that is of interest to you. This course is suitable for students who have taken a Foundations level course and/or AP biology, and have a basic understanding of DNA and how information in DNA is transcribed and translated to make proteins.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 71: Planet Ocean (ESS 71, OCEANS 71)

Oceans make up the majority of our planet's area and living spaces and are fundamental to biodiversity, climate, food and commerce.This course covers integration of the oceanography and marine biology of diverse ocean habitats such as the deep sea, coral reefs, open ocean, temperate coasts, estuaries and polar seas. Lectures include state of the art knowledge as well as emerging technologies for future exploration. The second section focuses on how the oceans link to the global environment, and how ocean capacity helps determine human sustainability.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 81: Introduction to Ecology

This course will introduce you to the first principles of the science of ecology, the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. If you are on the waitlist, we will contact you during the first week of the quarter when we will have more information about your prospects for joining the course. Contact Lydia Villa (lydiav@stanford.edu) for logistical questions. Prerequisites: None.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 82: Genetics

The focus of the course is on the basic mechanisms underlying the transmission of genetic information and on the use of genetic analysis to study biological and medical questions. Major topics will include: (1) the use of existing genetic variation in humans and other species to identify genes that play an important role in determining traits and disease-susceptibility, (2) the analysis of mutations in model organisms and their use in the investigation of biological processes and questions and (3) using genetic information for diagnosis and the potential for genetic manipulations to treat disease. Prerequisites: None, but BIO 83 is recommended. Lecture attendance as well as discussion section attendance is mandatory. Please only enroll in the lecture section (section 01) on Axess. Discussion section enrollment will be handled on Canvas. As long as you sign up for the lecture section on Axess, you will receive an e-mail a week before classes begin to guide you on how to sign up for a section on Canvas. For logistical questions about the course, please contact Waheeda Khalfan (wkhalfan@stanford.edu).
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 83: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Introduction to the molecular and biochemical basis of life. Lecture topics include the structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates, energy metabolism, signal transduction, epigenetics and DNA repair. The course will also consider how defects in these processes cause disease. Preliminary syllabus will be posted by Sep 1st on Stanford Syllabus. If you are on the waitlist, we will contact you during the first week of the quarter when we will have more information about your prospects for joining the course. Contact Waheeda Khalfan (wkhalfan@stanford.edu) for logistical questions. Prerequisites: None.Please only enroll in the lecture section (section 01) on Axess. Discussion section enrollment will be handled on Canvas. As long as you sign up for the lecture section on Axess, you will receive an e-mail a week before classes begin to guide you on how to sign up for a section on Canvas.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 84: Physiology

The focus of Physiology is on understanding how organisms tackle the physical challenges of life on Earth. This course will provide an overview of animal and plant physiology and teach an understanding of how organisms maintain homeostasis, respond to environmental cues and coordinate behaviors across multiples tissues and organ systems. We will examine the structure and function of organs and organ systems and how those systems are controlled and regulated to maintain homeostasis. Control and regulation requires information as does the ability to respond to environmental stimuli, so we will give special consideration to hormonal and neural information systems. We will also be concerned with the interactions and integration of the activities of the different organ systems we study. Prerequisites: none. The course will have in person exams. Lecture attendance as well as discussion section attendance is mandatory. Please only enroll in the lecture section (section 01) on Axess. Discussion section enrollment will be handled on Canvas. As long as you sign up for the lecture section on Axess, you will receive an e-mail a week before classes begin to guide you on how to sign up for a section on Canvas. For logistical questions about the course, please contact Waheeda Khalfan at wkhalfan@stanford.edu.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 85: Evolution

Understanding evolution is key to understanding the diversity of life on earth. We will be focusing on the fundamental principles of evolutionary biology from natural and sexual selection to the formation of new species. To understand these concepts we will delve into the mechanisms that underlie them. The course will also link these fundamental processes to important contemporary evolutionary topics such as the evolution of behavior, life history evolution, and human evolution. Prerequisites: BIO 60 or 61 or 62 or equivalent; recommended: BIO 82, or permission of instructor.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 86: Cell Biology

This course will focus on the basic structures inside cells and how they execute cellular functions. Topics include organelles, membrane trafficking, the cytoskeleton, cell division, and signal transduction. Classic and recent primary literature will be incorporated into lectures with an emphasis on state of the art experimental approaches. Prerequisites: BIO 83 is highly recommended.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 109A: Chronic Disease I: Applications of Novel Advances in Biology and Biotechnology

We have come a long way in developing therapies for chronic diseases. However, a gap remains between the current solutions and our ability to fully address these diseases. This course provides an overview of: (1) the underlying biology of many of these diseases and (2) the applications of novel advances in basic science and biotechnology to generate more effective therapies. There will be guest lectures from prominent leaders in academia and industry, and we encourage both students and speakers to seek opportunities to collaborate. No hard prerequisites, though a basic understanding of biology and willingness to learn novel concepts will help.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 109B: Chronic Disease II: Applications of Advances in Precision Medicine and Digital Health Technologies

Chronic diseases fatally impact over 40 million people worldwide. We have come a long way in developing therapies for some chronic diseases, but a considerable gap remains between the current solutions and our ability to fully address many of these diseases. This course provides an overview of: (1) the underlying biology of pervasive chronic diseases and (2) the applications of advances in precision medicine and digital health technologies towards better understanding, preventing, and treating these diseases. There will also be discussions on the policy and regulatory frameworks and business and ethical implications that impact precision medicine/digital health innovations (and their potential applications). We will have guest speakers who are prominent leaders in academia, industry, and federal policy. We encourage both students and speakers to seek opportunities to collaborate. No hard prerequisites, though a basic understanding of biology and willingness to learn novel concepts will help.
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 110: The Chromatin-Regulated Genome (BIO 210)

Maintenance of the genome is a prerequisite for life. In eukaryotes, all DNA-templated processes are tightly connected to chromatin structure and function. This course will explore epigenetic and chromatin regulation of cellular processes related to aging, cancer, stem cell pluripotency, metabolic homeostasis, and development. Course material integrates current literature with a foundational review of histone modifications and nucleosome composition in epigenetic inheritance, transcription, replication, cell division and DNA damage responses. Prerequisite: BIO 41 or BIO 83 or consent of instructor.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 112: Human Physiology (HUMBIO 133)

Human physiology will be examined by organ systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal and endocrine. Molecular and cell biology and signaling principles that underlie organ development, pathophysiology and opportunities for regenerative medicine are discussed, as well as integrative control mechanisms and fetal development. Prerequisite: HUMBIO3A or HUMBIO4A or BIO83 or BIO84 orBIO86 or consent of instructor.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 115: The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi (BIO 239)

Fungi are critical, yet often hidden, components of the biosphere. They regulate decomposition, are primary partners in plant symbiosis and strongly impact agriculture and economics. Students will explore the fascinating world of fungal biology, ecology and evolution via lecture, lab, field exercises and Saturday field trips that will provide traditional and molecular experiences in the collection, analysis and industrial use of diverse fungi. Students will chose an environmental niche, collect and identify resident fungi, and hypothesize about their community relationship. Prerequisite: BIO 81, 85 recommended.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Peay, K. (PI); Yeam, J. (TA)

BIO 117: Biology and Global Change (EARTHSYS 111, EARTHSYS 217, ESS 111)

The biological causes and consequences of anthropogenic and natural changes in the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Topics: glacial cycles and marine circulation, greenhouse gases and climate change, tropical deforestation and species extinctions, and human population growth and resource use. Prerequisite: Biology or Human Biology core or BIO 81 or graduate standing.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 136: Macroevolution (BIO 236, EPS 136, EPS 236)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 136 and 236) The course will focus on the macroevolution of animals. We will be exploring how paleobiology and developmental biology/genomics have contributed to our understanding of the origins of animals, and how patterns of evolution and extinction have shaped the diversity of animal forms we observe today. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 142: Molecular Geomicrobiology Laboratory (EARTHSYS 143, ESS 143, ESS 243)

In this course, students will be studying the biosynthesis of cyclic lipid biomarkers, molecules that are produced by modern microbes that can be preserved in rocks that are over a billion years old and which geologist use as molecular fossils. Students will be tasked with identifying potential biomarker lipid synthesis genes in environmental genomic databases, expressing those genes in a model bacterial expression system in the lab, and then analyzing the lipid products that are produced. The overall goal is for students to experience the scientific research process including generating hypotheses, testing these hypotheses in laboratory experiments, and communicating their results through a publication style paper. Prerequisites: BIO83 and CHEM 121 or permission of the instructor.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 148: Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (BIO 228, EARTHSYS 128, EPS 128, EPS 228)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 128 and 228) The what, when, where, and how do we know it regarding life on land through time. Fossil plants, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates (yes, dinosaurs) are all covered, including how all of those components interact with each other and with changing climates, continental drift, atmospheric composition, and environmental perturbations like glaciation and mass extinction. The course involves both lecture and lab components. Graduate students registering at the 200-level are expected to write a term paper, but can opt out of some labs where appropriate. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 149: The Neurobiology of Sleep (BIO 249, HUMBIO 161, PSYC 149, PSYC 261)

The neurochemistry and neurophysiology of changes in brain activity and conscious awareness are associated with changes in the sleep/wake state. Behavioral and neurobiological phenomena include sleep regulation, sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, sleep function, and the molecular biology of sleep. Preference to seniors and graduate students.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 150: Human Behavioral Biology (HUMBIO 160)

Multidisciplinary. How to approach complex normal and abnormal behaviors through biology. How to integrate disciplines including sociobiology, ethology, neuroscience, and endocrinology to examine behaviors such as aggression, sexual behavior, language use, and mental illness.
Terms: Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Sapolsky, R. (PI)

BIO 155: Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants (BIO 255)

In this course we will learn how plants are built at different organizational scales from the cell, tissue, organ and organ system level. We will also learn about the experimental methods used to study plants at these different organizational levels and how to interpret and evaluate experiments that use such methods. Finally, advances in genetic engineering will be discussed as a means of manipulating the form and function of plants for sustainable agriculture. Broadly relevant skills that will be cultivated in the course include: evaluating primarily literature, identifying gaps in knowledge, formulating research questions and designing new experimental strategies. Prerequisites: BIO 80 series or equivalent.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 158: Developmental Neurobiology (BIO 258)

For advanced undergraduates and coterminal students. The principles of nervous system development from the molecular control of patterning, cell-cell interactions, and trophic factors to the level of neural systems and the role of experience in influencing brain structure and function. Topics: neural induction and patterning cell lineage, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, axonal pathfinding, synapse elimination, the role of activity, critical periods, and the development of behavior. Prerequisites: BIO 82, 83, 84, 86.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 161: Organismal Biology Lab

This laboratory is a genuine research experience course where students contribute to original research in a field of organismal biology. The course consists of two modules: In the first module, students will perform a drug screen for novel compounds that influence animal behavior by altering nervous system function. In the second module, students will explore how the microbiome of animals is important for health and social interactions. Students work collaboratively to collect and analyze data and communicate their findings through oral and written formats.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIO 169: The Sixth Extinction (and the Other Five) (BIO 237, EARTHSYS 127A, EARTHSYS 227A, EPS 137, EPS 237)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 137 and 237) Are we living through Earth's sixth major mass extinction event? The course will address the causes and consequences of extinction. It will review current understanding of background and mass extinction in the fossil record, including aclose examination of three major mass extinction events. It will assess the intensity, selectivity, and trends in the current biodiversity crisis and assess the options and prospects for approaches to mitigating and, ultimately, recovering from this sixth extinction. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable 3 times (up to 9 units total)

BIO 173H: Marine Conservation Biology (BIO 273H, OCEANS 173, OCEANS 173H, OCEANS 273H)

Class can be taken in person or via Zoom. Introduction to the key concepts of ecology and policy relevant to marine conservation issues at the population to ecosystems level. Focus on the origin and maintenance of biodiversity and conservation applications from both the biology and policy perspectives (for example, endangered species, captive breeding, reserve design, habitat fragmentation, ecosystem restoration/rehabilitation). Also includes emerging approaches such as ecosystem-based management, ocean planning, and coupled social-ecological systems. The course will include lectures, readings and discussions of primary literature, and attendance at seminars with visiting scholars. Prerequisite: introductory biology; suggested: a policy and/or introductory ecology course. Students who want to enroll only in the seminar and discussion course (2 units) should register for OCEANS/BIO 173HA. (Graduate students register for BIO/OCEANS 273H.) For information on how to spend spring quarter in residence: https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/undergraduate-studies/spring-courses-23-24 (Individual course registration also permitted.) Depending on enrollment numbers, a weekly shuttle to Hopkins or mileage reimbursements for qualifying carpools will be provided; terms and conditions apply.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable for credit (up to 99 units total)

BIO 182H: Stanford at Sea (BIO 323H, EARTHSYS 323, ESS 323, OCEANS 182H, OCEANS 323H)

(Graduate students register for 323H.) Five weeks of marine science including oceanography, marine physiology, policy, maritime studies, conservation, and nautical science at Hopkins Marine Station, followed by five weeks at sea aboard a sailing research vessel in the Pacific Ocean. Shore component comprised of three multidisciplinary courses meeting daily and continuing aboard ship. Students develop an independent research project plan while ashore, and carry out the research at sea. In collaboration with the Sea Education Association of Woods Hole, MA. Only 6 units may count towards the Biology major.
Terms: Spr | Units: 16 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

BIO 183: Theoretical Population Genetics (BIO 283)

Models in population genetics and evolution. Selection, random drift, gene linkage, migration, and inbreeding, and their influence on the evolution of gene frequencies and chromosome structure. Models are related to DNA sequence evolution. Prerequisites: calculus and linear algebra, or consent of instructor.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

BIO 185: Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna (DLCL 170, EALC 170, EARTHSYS 170, GLOBAL 170)

Under conditions of global environmental change and mass extinction, how will humanity share the planet with wildlife? This course invites undergraduate students to consider this question under the guidance of two biologists and a literary scholar. We will engage with a range of interdisciplinary scholarship on how humans seek to study, understand, exploit, protect, and empathize with charismatic megafauna. We ask how regional differences in culture, political economy, and ecology shape conservation efforts.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER, WAY-SMA

BIO 186: Archaeobotany (ARCHLGY 126, ARCHLGY 226, BIO 286)

Archaeobotany, also known as paleoethnobotany, is the study of the interrelationships of plants and humans through the archaeological record. Knowledge and understanding of Archaeobotany sufficient to interpret, evaluate, and understand archaeobotanical data. Dominant approaches in the study of archaeobotanical remains: plant macro-remains, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains in the identification of diet and environmental reconstruction.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Grauer, K. (PI)

BIO 190: Geomicrobiology (EARTHSYS 158, EARTHSYS 258, ESS 158, ESS 258)

How microorganisms shape the geochemistry of the Earth's crust including oceans, lakes, estuaries, subsurface environments, sediments, soils, mineral deposits, and rocks. Topics include mineral formation and dissolution; biogeochemical cycling of elements (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and metals); geochemical and mineralogical controls on microbial activity, diversity, and evolution; life in extreme environments; and the application of new techniques to geomicrobial systems. Recommended: introductory chemistry and microbiology such as CEE 274A.
| Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIOE 42: Physical Biology

BIOE 42 is designed to introduce students to general engineering principles that have emerged from theory and experiments in biology. Topics covered will cover the scales from molecules to cells to organisms, including fundamental principles of entropy, diffusion, and continuum mechanics. These topics will link to several biological questions, including DNA organization, ligand binding, cytoskeletal mechanics, and the electromagnetic origin of nerve impulses. In all cases, students will learn to develop toy models that can explain quantitative measurements of the function of biological systems. Prerequisites: MATH 19, 20, 21 CHEM 31A, B (or 31X), PHYSICS 41; strongly recommended: CS 106A, CME 100 or MATH 51, and CME 106; or instructor approval.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

BIOE 44: Fundamentals for Engineering Biology Lab

An introduction to techniques in genetic, molecular, biochemical, cellular and tissue engineering. Lectures cover advances in the field of synthetic biology with emphasis on genetic engineering, plasmid design, gene synthesis, genetic circuits, and safety and bioethics. Lab modules will teach students how to conduct basic lab techniques, add/remove DNA from living matter, and engineer prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Team projects will support practice in component engineering with a focus on molecular design and quantitative analysis of experiments, device and system engineering using abstracted genetically encoded objects, and product development. Concurrent or previous enrollment in BIO 82 or BIO 83. Preference to declared BioE students. Students who have not declared BioE should email Alex Engel to get on a waitlist for a permission code to enroll. Class meets in Shriram 112, lab meets in Shriram 114. Scientific Method and Analysis (SMA).
Terms: Aut, Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIOE 72N: Pathophysiology and Design for Cardiovascular Disease

Future physicians, social and biological scientists, and engineers will be the core of teams that solve major problems threatening human health. Bridging these diverse areas will require thinkers who can understand human biology and also think broadly about approaching such challenges. Focusing on heart disease, students in this seminar will learn about the multi-factorial problems leading to the leading cause of death in the U.S., along with how to apply design thinking to innovate in the context of healthcare.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Venook, R. (PI); Wang, P. (PI)

BIOE 102: Physical Biology of Macromolecules

Principles of statistical physics, thermodynamics, and kinetics with applications to molecular biology. Topics include entropy, temperature, chemical forces, enzyme kinetics, free energy and its uses, self assembly, cooperative transitions in macromolecules, molecular machines, feedback, and accurate replication. Prerequisites: MATH 19, 20, 21; CHEM 31A, B (or 31X); strongly recommended: PHYSICS 41, CME 100 or MATH 51, and CME 106; or instructor approval.
Last offered: Winter 2019 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

BIOE 103: Systems Physiology and Design

Physiology of intact human tissues, organs, and organ systems in health and disease, and bioengineering tools used (or needed) to probe and model these physiological systems. Topics: Clinical physiology, network physiology and system design/plasticity, diseases and interventions (major syndromes, simulation, and treatment, instrumentation for intervention, stimulation, diagnosis, and prevention), and new technologies including tissue engineering and optogenetics. Discussions of pathology of these systems in a clinical-case based format, with a view towards identifying unmet clinical needs. Learning computational skills that not only enable simulation of these systems but also apply more broadly to biomedical data analysis. Prerequisites: CME 102; PHYSICS 41; BIO 82 OR 83; BIO 84. CS 106A or programming experience highly recommended.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

BIOE 103B: Systems Physiology and Design

ONLINE Offering of BIOE 103. This pilot class, BIOE103B, is an entirely online offering with the same content, learning goals, and prerequisites as BIOE 103. The class is open to BioE-declared students who are not on campus in the spring. Students attend class by watching videos and completing assignments remotely. Physiology of intact human tissues, organs, and organ systems in health and disease, and bioengineering tools used (or needed) to probe and model these physiological systems. Topics: Clinical physiology, network physiology and system design/plasticity, diseases and interventions (major syndromes, simulation, and treatment, instrumentation for intervention, stimulation, diagnosis, and prevention), and new technologies including tissue engineering and optogenetics. Discussions of pathology of these systems in a clinical case-based format, with a view towards identifying unmet clinical needs. Learning computational skills that not only enable simulation of these systems but also apply more broadly to biomedical data analysis. Prerequisites: CME 102; PHYSICS 41; BIO 82 OR 83; BIO 84. CS 106A or programming experience highly recommended.
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

BIOE 123: Bioengineering Systems Prototyping Lab

The Bioengineering System Prototyping Laboratory is a fast-paced, team-based system engineering experience, in which teams of 2-3 students design and build a bioengineering-relevant system (e.g., centrifuge) that meets a set of common requirements along with a set of unique team-determined requirements. Students learn-by-doing hands-on skills in electronics and mechanical design and fabrication. Teams also develop process skills and an engineering mindset by aligning specifications with requirements, developing output metrics and measuring performance, and creating project proposals and plans. The course culminates in demonstration of a fully functioning system that meets the teams' self-determined metrics. Learning goals: 1) Design, fabricate, integrate, and characterize practical electronic and mechanical hardware systems that meet clear requirements in the context of Bioengineering (i.e., build something that works). 2) Use prototyping tools, techniques, and instruments, including: CAD, 3D printing, laser cutting, microcontrollers, and oscilloscopes. 3) Create quantitative system specifications and test measurement plans to demonstrate that a design meets user requirements. 4) Communicate design elements, choices, specifications, and performance through design reviews and written reports. 5) Collaborate as a team member on a complex system design project (e.g., a centrifuge). Limited enrollment, with priority for Bioengineering undergraduates. Prerequisites: Physics 43, or equivalent. Experience with Matlab and/or Python is recommended.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

BIOE 158: Soft Matter in Biomedical Devices, Microelectronics, and Everyday Life (MATSCI 158)

The relationships between molecular structure, morphology, and the unique physical, chemical, and mechanical behavior of polymers and other types of soft matter are discussed. Topics include methods for preparing synthetic polymers and examination of how enthalpy and entropy determine conformation, solubility, mechanical behavior, microphase separation, crystallinity, glass transitions, elasticity, and linear viscoelasticity. Case studies covering polymers in biomedical devices and microelectronics will be covered. Recommended: ENGR 50 and Chem 31A or equivalent.
Last offered: Winter 2020 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

CEE 34N: Wind Energy Explained

Transformation of the energy economy depends on developing reliable and robust sources of alternative and renewable energy. This seminar introduces the theory, design, and application of wind energy technologies. The study of wind energy spans across a wide range of fields. To successfully deploy wind energy and other alternative technologies, we will need to converge across many knowledge domains, including civil, environmental, electrical, and mechanical engineering in addition to social science and public policy, among many others. Through this interdisciplinary course, we will learn about modern wind energy and its origins. We will explore the many facets of wind energy, including the characteristics of regional wind; aerodynamics, mechanics, and structural dynamics of wind turbine design; wind turbine control and integration with electrical systems; and environmental and economic aspects and impacts. Although this seminar seeks to explain wind energy, the topics covered can be applied to many other problems in engineering. This course will provide an introduction on how to find solutions to multi-disciplinary problems. True innovation lies on the border between fields. In this course, we will explore how to make these solutions a reality.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

CEE 63: Weather and Storms (CEE 263C)

Daily and severe weather and global climate. Topics: structure and composition of the atmosphere, fog and cloud formation, rainfall, local winds, wind energy, global circulation, jet streams, high and low pressure systems, inversions, el Niño, la Niña, atmosphere/ocean interactions, fronts, cyclones, thunderstorms, lightning, tornadoes, hurricanes, pollutant transport, global climate and atmospheric optics.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

CEE 64: Air Pollution and Global Warming: History, Science, and Solutions (CEE 263D)

Survey of Survey of air pollution and global warming and their renewable energy solutions. Topics: evolution of the Earth's atmosphere, history of discovery of chemicals in the air, bases and particles in urban smog, visibility, indoor air pollution, acid rain, stratospheric and Antarctic ozone loss, the historic climate record, causes and effects of global warming, impacts of energy systems on pollution and climate, renewable energy solutions to air pollution and global warming. UG Reqs: GER: DBNatSci
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

CEE 73: Water: An Introduction

Lake Tahoe's waters are so clear you can follow a diver 70 feet below your boat. A Lake Erie summer often means that nearshore waters have a green surface scum obscuring everything below. California, suffering from drought, is seriously considering reclamation and direct potable reuse of sewage -- aka toilet to tap. Can we (or should we) do this? Why is Tahoe clear, Erie green? This class introduces students to the fundamental tools and science used to understand and manage both natural and human-engineered water systems. Each student will use these tools to explore a water topic of their choosing.
Last offered: Summer 2019 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

CEE 177: Aquatic Chemistry and Biology

Introduction to chemical and biological processes in the aqueous environment. Basic aqueous equilibria; the structure, behavior, and fate of major classes of chemicals that dissolve in water; redox reactions; the biochemistry of aquatic microbial life; and biogeochemical processes that govern the fate of nutrients and metals in the environment and in engineered systems. Prerequisite: CHEM 31.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

CEE 178: Introduction to Human Exposure Analysis (CEE 276)

(Graduate students register for 276.) Scientific and engineering issues involved in quantifying human exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment. Pollutant behavior, inhalation exposure, dermal exposure, and assessment tools. Overview of the complexities, uncertainties, and physical, chemical, and biological issues relevant to risk assessment. Lab projects. Recommended: MATH 51. Apply at first class for admission.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

CEE 179A: Water Chemistry Laboratory (CEE 273A)

(Graduate students register for 273A.) Laboratory application of techniques for the analysis of natural and contaminated waters, emphasizing instrumental techniques
Last offered: Winter 2019 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

CEE 179D: Providing Safe Water for the Developing and Developed World (CEE 279D)

This course will cover basic hydraulics and the fundamental processes used to provide and control water, and will introduce the basics of engineering design. In addition to understanding the details behind the fundamental processes, students will learn to feel comfortable developing initial design criteria (30% designs) for fundamental processes. Students should also develop a feel for the typical values of water treatment parameters and the equipment involved. The course should enable students to work competently in environmental engineering firms or on non-profit projects in the developing world such as Engineers without Borders. Pre-requisite: Chem31B/M. (Note this course was formerly CEE 174A)
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

CHEM 25N: Science in the News

Preference to freshmen. Possible topics include: diseases such as avian flu, HIV, and malaria; environmental issues such as climate change, atmospheric pollution, and human population; energy sources in the future; evolution; stem cell research; nanotechnology; and drug development. Focus is on the scientific basis for these topics as a basis for intelligent discussion of societal and political implications. Sources include the popular media and scientific media for the nonspecialist, especially those available on the web.
Last offered: Autumn 2021 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

CHEM 29N: Chemistry in the Kitchen

This course examines the chemistry relevant to food and drink preparation, both in homes and in restaurants, which makes what we consume more pleasurable. Good cooking is more often considered an art rather than a science, but a small bit of understanding goes a long way to make the preparation and consumption of food and drink more enjoyable. The intention is to have demonstrations and tastings as a part of every class meeting. We will examine some rather familiar items in this course: eggs, dairy products, meats, breads, vegetables, pastries, and carbonated beverages. We shall playfully explore the chemistry that turns food into meals. A high-school chemistry background is assumed; bring to class a good appetite and a healthy curiosity.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Zare, R. (PI)

CHEM 31A: Chemical Principles I

31A is the first course in a two-quarter sequence designed to provide a robust foundation in key chemical principles for students with a basic background in high school chemistry, who have already placed into Math 19 or higher. The course engages students in group problem-solving activities throughout the class periods to deepen their ability to analyze and solve chemical problems. Students will also participate in a weekly laboratory activity that will immediately apply and expand upon classroom content. Labs and write-ups provide practice developing conceptual models that can explain qualitatively and quantitatively a wide range of chemical phenomena. The course will introduce a common language of dimensional analysis, stoichiometry, and molecular naming that enables students to write chemical reactions, quantify reaction yield, and calculate empirical and molecular formulas. Stoichiometry will be immediately reinforced through a specific study of gases and their properties. Students will also build a fundamental understanding of atomic and molecular structure by identifying interactions among nuclei, electrons, atoms and molecules. Through both lab and in-class exploration, students will learn to explain how these interactions determine the structures and properties of pure substances and mixtures using various bonding models including Lewis Dot, VSEPR, and Molecular Orbital Theory. Students will identify and quantitate the types and amounts of energy changes that accompany these interactions, phase changes, and chemical reactions, as they prepare to explore chemical dynamics in greater depth in 31B. Special emphasis will be placed on applying content and skills to real world applications such as estimating the carbon efficiency of fossil fuels, understanding hydrogen bonding and other interactions critical to DNA, and calculating the pressure exerted on a deep-sea diver. Prerequisites: Math 18 and Chem11 or placement into Chem31A with Autumn General Chemistry Placement test. All students who are interested in taking general chemistry at Stanford must take the General Chemistry Placement Test before the Autumn quarter begins, regardless of chemistry background, to enroll.
Terms: Aut, Sum | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

CHEM 31B: Chemical Principles II

Chem 31B is the second course in this two-quarter sequence, therefore only students who have completed Chem 31A may enroll in 31B. As with 31A, students will continue to engage in group problem-solving activities throughout class and participate in weekly laboratory activities. Labs and write-ups will allow students to more deeply explore and observe the different facets of chemical reactivity, including rates (kinetics), energetics (thermodynamics), and reversibility (equilibrium) of reactions. Through experimentation and discussion, students will determine what forces influence the rate of chemical reactions and learn how this can be applied to enzyme reactivity. Students will quantify chemical concentrations during a reaction, and predict the direction in which a reaction will shift in order to achieve equilibrium, including solubility equilibria. They will use these methods to estimate the possible levels of lead and other toxic metals in drinking water. Special emphasis will be placed on acid/base equilibria , allowing students to explore the role of buffers and antacids in our bodies, as well as ocean acidification and the impact on coral reefs. Students will then bring together concepts from both kinetics and equilibrium, in a deeper discussion of thermodynamics, to understand what ultimately influences the spontaneity of a reaction. Students will build a relationship between free energy, temperature, and equilibrium constants to be able to calculate the free energy of a reaction and understand how processes in our body are coupled to harness excess free energy to do useful work. Finally we will explore how we harness work from redox reactions, building both voltaic cells (i.e. batteries) and electrolytic cells in lab, and using reduction potentials to predict spontaneity and potential of a given reaction. We will look at the applications of redox chemistry in electric and fuel cell vehicles. The course's particular emphasis on understanding the driving forces of a reaction, especially the influence of thermodynamics versus kinetics, will prepare students for further study of predicting organic chemical reactivity and equilibria from structure in Chem 33. Prerequisite: Chem 31A.
Terms: Win, Sum | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

CHEM 31M: Chemical Principles: From Molecules to Solids

A one-quarter course for students who have taken chemistry previously. This course will introduce the basic chemical principles that dictate how and why reactions occur and the structure and properties of important molecules and extended solids that make up our world. As the Central Science, a knowledge of chemistry provides a deep understanding of concepts in fields ranging from materials, environmental science, and engineering to pharmacology and metabolism. Discussions of molecular structure will describe bonding models including Lewis structures, resonance, crystal-field theory, and molecular-orbital theory. We will reveal the chemistry of materials of different dimensionality, with an emphasis on bonding, and electronic structure of molecules and solids. We will also discuss the kinetics and thermodynamics that govern reactivity and dictate solubility and acid-base equilibria. A two-hour weekly laboratory section accompanies the course to introduce laboratory techniques and reiterate lecture concepts through hands-on activities. Specific discussions will include the structure, properties, and applications of molecules used in medicine, perovskites used in solar cells, and the dramatically different properties of materials with the same composition (for example: diamond, graphite, graphene). There will be three lectures and one two-hour laboratory session each week. The course will assume familiarity with stoichiometry, unit conversions, gas laws, and thermochemistry. All students who are interested in taking general chemistry at Stanford must take the Autumn 2021 General Chemistry Placement Test before the Autumn quarter begins, regardless of chemistry background. Same as: MATSCI 31
Terms: Aut | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

CHEM 33: Structure and Reactivity of Organic Molecules

An introduction to organic chemistry, the molecular foundation to understanding the life sciences, medicine, diagnostics, energy, environmental and materials sciences. Students will learn structural and bonding models of organic molecules that provide insights into reactivity. Combining these models with kinetic and thermodynamic analyses allows molecular transformations to be rationalized and even predicted. The course builds on this knowledge to begin to introduce organic reactions that can be applied to synthesis of novel molecules or materials that can positively impact society. A two-hour weekly lab section accompanies the course to introduce the techniques of separation and identification of organic compounds.
Terms: Win, Spr, Sum | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

CHEM 131: Instrumental Analysis Principles and Practice

The core objectives of the course will focus upon introducing and providing hands-on practice with analytical separation, spectroscopic identification, and calibrated quantification with strong technical communication (for the Writing-in-the-Major requirement) emphasized throughout the course. Lectures will focus on theory, and laboratory activities will provide hands-on practice with the GC, LC, XPS, ICP, MS, and UV/Vis instruments. Data analysis will be emphasized throughout the course with Python being the primary tool for plotting and computations. Statistical measurements will be introduced to gauge the quality and validity of data. Lectures will be three times a week with a required four-hour laboratory section. The course should be completed prior to CHEM courses 174,176, or 184. Prerequisite: CHEM 33 or CHEM 100; and CS 106A.
Terms: Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Kromer, M. (PI); Liu, F. (PI)

CHEMENG 20: Introduction to Chemical Engineering (ENGR 20)

Overview of chemical engineering through discussion and engineering analysis of physical and chemical processes. Topics: overall staged separations, material and energy balances, concepts of rate processes, energy and mass transport, and kinetics of chemical reactions. Applications of these concepts to areas of current technological importance: biotechnology, energy, production of chemicals, materials processing, and purification. Prerequisite: CHEM 31.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

CHEMENG 31N: When Chemistry Meets Engineering

Preference to freshmen. Chemistry and engineering are subjects that are ubiquitous around us. But what happens when the two meet? Students will explore this question by diving into experimental problems that scientists and engineers have to face on a daily basis. Many processes that are taken for granted have been developed by understanding science at a very fundamental level and then applying it to large and important industrial processes. In this seminar, students will explore some of the basic concepts that are important to address chemical engineering problems through experimental work. Students will build materials for energy and environmental applications, understand how to separate mixtures into pure compounds, produce fuels, and will learn to look at the chemical properties of molecules that are part of daily life with a different eye.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

CHEMENG 55: Foundational Biology for Engineers (ENGR 55)

Biology, physics, and chemistry are the substrates for the modern engineer. Whether you are interested in developing the next generation of medicines or would like the next material or catalyst you design to be inspired by solutions found in Nature, this course will deepen your knowledge of the foundational concepts in biology and enrich your engineering skills. We will introduce the physical principles that underlie the construction and function of living cells, the fundamental building block of life. Emphasis will be on systems, logic, quantitation, and mechanisms of the molecular processes utilized by all life on Earth. This course has no prerequisites, but prior completion of CHEM 31 or equivalent is highly recommended.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

CHPR 130: Human Nutrition (HUMBIO 130)

The study of food, and the nutrients and substances therein. Their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease. Emphasis is on the biological, chemical, and physiological processes by which humans ingest, digest, absorb, transport, utilize, and excrete food. Dietary composition and individual choices are discussed in relationship to the food supply, and to population and cultural, race, ethnic, religious, and social economic diversity. The relationships between nutrition and disease; ethnic diets; vegetarianism; nutritional deficiencies; nutritional supplementation; phytochemicals. The material in this course is an introduction to the field and the target audience is undergraduates. It may be of interest to graduate students unfamiliar with the field. Graduate students enroll in CHPR 130. Undergrads enroll in HUMBIO 130. CHPR master's students must enroll for a letter grade.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Gardner, C. (PI)

COLLEGE 106: Environmental Sustainability: Global Predicaments and Possible Solutions

The course will survey our planet's greatest sustainability challenges, and some of the possible ways that humankind might overcome each. The course material will include introductory-level science, social science, and business studies material, and give students a basic understanding of the global biological, cultural, social, and economic processes involved in environmental sustainability.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: College, THINK, WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

COLLEGE 112: Living with Viruses

By examining the interplay of viruses and culture, this course challenges students to think beyond conventional disciplinary distinctions through questions about the impact of viruses on our world. While we are currently living through a pandemics and thus all realize the impact it has on our lives, this course breaks apart our lived experiences: including our need to blame certain populations, the disparities in healthcare, the use of immunity as a socioeconomic tool, and the evaluation of our own genetic makeup and its dependency on a billion years of viral integrations. The specific goals of this course are to engage students to examine the microbial world and how they interact with it. We will examine three overarching questions: How do viruses affect cultures and populations? How do we confront emerging conflicts, social disparities, and blame that accompany pandemics and How can we use stories and narratives to educate?
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: College, THINK, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Baker, J. (PI)

COMPMED 80N: Animal behavior: sex, death, and sometimes food!

Preference to freshman. Behavior is what makes animals special (thirsty plants don't walk to water), but why do animals behave the way they do? What does their behavior tell us about their inner lives, and about ourselves? What do lipstick and cuckoos and fireflies have in common? Why would nobody want to be a penguin? What do mice say to each other in their pee-mail? Learning how to think about questions like these gives us a unique perspective on the natural world. Format: Flipped, Student-centered, Community of learners, with online and in-person discussion. Discussion and criticism of video examples, and documentaries, and student presentations. Topics: History and approaches to animal behavior; development of behavior, from genetics to learning; mechanisms of behavior, from neurons to motivation; function of behavior, from honest signals to selfish genes; the phylogeny of behavior, from domestication to speciation; and modern applications of behavior, from abnormal behavior, to conservation, to animal welfare, and animal consciousness.
Terms: Aut, Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Garner, J. (PI)

COMPMED 81Q: Aardvarks to Zebras: The A to Z of Animal Anatomy

Preference to sophomores. Ever wonder what cats and narwhals have in common? Maybe you haven't, but despite their seemingly different lifestyles and habitats (i.e. sleeping on couches versus swimming in oceans), they are both mammals! In this seminar, students will gain an appreciation for basic mammalian anatomic and physiologic principles that span across multiple species while emphasizing key differences that render each species unique. Through student projects, we will explore evolutionary adaptations that have driven the success of a variety of species within the context of their natural environments. In addition to a weekly lecture, anticipated laboratory sessions will reinforce anatomic principles through a combination of rodent cadaver dissection, organ and bone specimens, and use of virtual reality demonstrations. Furthermore, as conditions allow, students will have the opportunity to visit Año Nuevo State Park to experience a guided viewing of northern elephant seals within their natural habitat. Students with a passion for science will gain a fundamental understanding of anatomy that is applicable to future careers in medicine, biomedical research, veterinary medicine, and ecology/conservation.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Casey, K. (PI)

COMPMED 84Q: Globally Emerging Zoonotic Diseases

Preference to sophomores. Infectious diseases impacting veterinary and human health around the world today. Mechanisms of disease, epidemiology, and underlying diagnostic, treatment and control principles associated with these pathogens. ***This course will be offered in AY 23-24.***
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Felt, S. (PI)

COMPMED 87Q: Laboratory Mouse in Biomedical Research

What is a nude mouse and why is it used in cancer research? Why do my mouse pups have a different coat color than their parents? What is a knockout mouse? Answers to these and more are in this introduction to the laboratory mouse, one of the most widely used models in biomedical research. We will explore the natural history and origin of the laboratory mouse; the ethics and regulations on the use of mice in research; the characteristics and nomenclature of commonly used mouse strains; the anatomy, physiology, and husbandry of mice; common mouse diseases and their effects on research; mouse coat color genetics and its relevance to human diseases; immunodeficient mouse models and their uses in research; and the technology for genetically engineering mice (e.g., transgenic mice). Hands-on laboratories will include mouse handling and biometeorology, necropsy and tissue sampling and anesthesia and surgery. Each student is expected to read research papers that use the mouse as a research model and give a presentation on a topic of their choice. Students interested in human or veterinary medicine and/or a career in biomedical research will benefit from this seminar. Class is limited to 12 students.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

COMPMED 91N: And that's why cats should never eat garlic!

Did you know that although we love garlic, it could make cats very sick? And how come if a human or a dog gets a heart attack they'll end up with a scar, but some fish can regenerate parts of their hearts? In this course, we will explore how select diseases can manifest themselves similarly or differently in different animal species. Students will have the opportunity to interpret physical exam findings, examine blood lab tests (bloodwork), look at X-rays (radiographs), and see what some of these diseases look like at the microscopic level (histology). Students will also discuss how humans benefit from understanding diseases in veterinary species, and how veterinary species benefit from understanding diseases in humans. This course will be of interest to those wanting to learn more about disease processes, and those interested in pursuing careers in biomedical fields including veterinary and human medicine. Oh, and one last thing don't cook with non-stick pans if you have indoor birds. Why? Sign up for the course to find out!
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Vilches-Moure, J. (PI)

CS 163: The Practice of Theory Research

(Previously numbered CS 353). Introduction to research in the Theory of Computing, with an emphasis on research methods (the practice of research), rather than on any particular body of knowledge. The students will participate in a highly structured research project: starting from reading research papers from a critical point of view and conducting bibliography searches, through suggesting new research directions, identifying relevant technical areas, and finally producing and communicating new insights. The course will accompany the projects with basic insights on the main ingredients of research. Research experience is not required, but basic theory knowledge and mathematical maturity are expected. The target participants are advanced undergrads as well as MS students with interest in CS theory. Prerequisites: CS161 and CS154. Limited class size.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

DLCL 170: Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna (BIO 185, EALC 170, EARTHSYS 170, GLOBAL 170)

Under conditions of global environmental change and mass extinction, how will humanity share the planet with wildlife? This course invites undergraduate students to consider this question under the guidance of two biologists and a literary scholar. We will engage with a range of interdisciplinary scholarship on how humans seek to study, understand, exploit, protect, and empathize with charismatic megafauna. We ask how regional differences in culture, political economy, and ecology shape conservation efforts.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER, WAY-SMA

EALC 170: Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna (BIO 185, DLCL 170, EARTHSYS 170, GLOBAL 170)

Under conditions of global environmental change and mass extinction, how will humanity share the planet with wildlife? This course invites undergraduate students to consider this question under the guidance of two biologists and a literary scholar. We will engage with a range of interdisciplinary scholarship on how humans seek to study, understand, exploit, protect, and empathize with charismatic megafauna. We ask how regional differences in culture, political economy, and ecology shape conservation efforts.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 2: Chemistry of the Earth and Planets (EPS 2)

(EPS 2 - Former GEOLSCI 2) Chemistry of the Earth and Planets Couse Description: Introduction to chemical principles with an emphasis on applications in the Earth Sciences. Topics include the origin and distribution of the elements in the solar system and on Earth, the origin and structure of the Earth, its oceans, and atmosphere; crystal chemistry, structure, and transformations; predicting and balancing reactions; thermodynamics, phase diagrams, high temperature and aqueous geochemistry, weathering, isotope geochemistry, and organic geochemistry. Students will also be exposed to analytical methods used in the Earth sciences. Change of Department Name: Earth & Planetary Sciences (Formerly Geological Science)
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable 3 times (up to 9 units total)

EARTHSYS 4: Coevolution of Earth and Life (EPS 4)

(EPS 4 - Former GEOLSCI 4) Earth is the only planet in the universe currently known to harbor life. When and how did Earth become inhabited? How have biological activities altered the planet? How have environmental changes affected the evolution of life? In this course, we explore these questions by developing an understanding of life's multi-billion year history using tools from biology, geology, paleontology, and chemistry. We discuss major groups of organisms, when they appear in the rock record, and how they have interacted with the Earth to create the habitats and ecosystems that we are familiar with today. Change of Department Name: Earth & Planetary Sciences (Formerly Geological Science)
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 8: The Oceans: An Introduction to the Marine Environment (ESS 8)

The course will provide a basic understanding of how the ocean functions as a suite of interconnected ecosystems, both naturally and under the influence of human activities. Emphasis is on the interactions between the physical and chemical environment and the dominant organisms of each ecosystem. The types of ecosystems discussed include coral reefs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, coastal upwelling systems, blue-water oceans, estuaries, and near-shore dead zones. Lectures, multimedia presentations, group activities, and tide-pooling day trip.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Arrigo, K. (PI)

EARTHSYS 10: Introduction to Earth Systems

For non-majors and prospective Earth Systems majors. Multidisciplinary approach using the principles of geology, biology, engineering, and economics to describe how the Earth operates as an interconnected, integrated system. Goal is to understand global change on all time scales. Focus is on sciences, technological principles, and sociopolitical approaches applied to solid earth, oceans, water, energy, and food and population. Case studies: environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and resource sustainability.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 11: Introduction to Geology (EPS 1)

(Former GEOLSCI 1) Why are earthquakes, volcanoes, and natural resources located at specific spots on the Earth's surface? Why are there rolling hills to the west behind Stanford and soaring granite walls to the east in Yosemite? What was the Earth like in the past, and what will it be like in the future? Lectures, hands-on laboratories, in-class activities, and one virtual field trip will help you see the Earth through the eyes of a geologist. Topics include plate tectonics, the cycling and formation of different types of rocks, and how geologists use rocks to understand Earth's history. Change of Department Name: Earth & Planetary Sciences (Formerly Geological Science)
Terms: Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 36N: Life at the Extremes: From the Deep Sea to Deep Space

Preference to freshmen. Microbial life is diverse and resilient on Earth; could it survive elsewhere in our solar system? This seminar will investigate the diversity of microbial life on earth, with an emphasis on extremophiles, and consider the potential for microbial life to exist and persist in extraterrestrial locales. Topics include microbial phylogenetic and physiological diversity, biochemical adaptations of extremophiles, ecology of extreme habitats, and apparent requirements and limits of life. Format includes lectures, discussions, lab-based activities and local field trips. Basics of microbiology, biochemistry, and astrobiology.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Dekas, A. (PI)

EARTHSYS 46: Introduction to Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (BIO 46)

The goal of this course is to develop an understanding of how to conduct biological research, using topics in Ecology as practical examples. This includes the complete scientific process: assessing background literature, generating testable hypotheses, learning techniques for data collection, analyzing data using appropriate statistical methods and writing and sharing results. Students, working in teams, develop novel research hypotheses and execute the necessary experiments and measurements to test these hypotheses. In addition, students will learn how to manipulate, visualize, and analyze data in the statistical programming language R. The capstone of the course is a research paper in the style of a peer-reviewed journal article, as well as a group presentation designed for a general audience that communicates research findings. The Tuesday lecture session will generally meet for only about 60-70 minutes. IMPORTANT NOTE: Students who require BIO 46 to satisfy the WIM requirement for the Biology major MUST take this course for a letter grade. Please contact Elisa Mora (elisahm@stanford.edu) for logistical and enrollment questions.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; WU, A. (PI)

EARTHSYS 46N: Exploring the Critical Interface between the Land and Monterey Bay: Elkhorn Slough (ESS 46N)

Preference to freshmen. Field trips to sites in the Elkhorn Slough, a small agriculturally impacted estuary that opens into Monterey Bay, a model ecosystem for understanding the complexity of estuaries, and one of California's last remaining coastal wetlands. Readings include Jane Caffrey's "Changes in a California Estuary: A Profile of Elkhorn Slough". Basics of biogeochemistry, microbiology, oceanography, ecology, pollution, and environmental management.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Francis, C. (PI)

EARTHSYS 101: Energy and the Environment (ENERGY 101)

Energy use in modern society and the consequences of current and future energy use patterns. Case studies illustrate resource estimation, engineering analysis of energy systems, and options for managing carbon emissions. Focus is on energy definitions, use patterns, resource estimation, pollution.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 102: Fundamentals of Renewable Power (ENERGY 102)

Do you want a much better understanding of renewable power technologies? Did you know that wind and solar are the fastest growing forms of electricity generation? Are you interested in hearing about the most recent, and future, designs for green power? Do you want to understand what limits power extraction from renewable resources and how current designs could be improved? This course dives deep into these and related issues for wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, tidal and wave power technologies. We welcome all student, from non-majors to MBAs and grad students. If you are potentially interested in an energy or environmental related major, this course is particularly useful.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 104: The Water Course (EARTHSYS 204, GEOPHYS 104, GEOPHYS 204)

The Central Valley of California provides a third of the produce grown in the U.S., but recent droughts and increasing demand have raised concerns about both food and water security. The pathway that water takes from rainfall to the irrigation of fields or household taps ('the water course') determines the quantity and quality of the available water. Working with various data sources (measurements made on the ground, in wells, and from satellites) allows us to model the water budget in the valley and explore the recent impacts on freshwater supplies.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 110: Introduction to the Foundations of Contemporary Geophysics (GEOPHYS 110, GEOPHYS 215)

Introduction to the foundations of contemporary geophysics. Lectures link important topics in contemporary Geophysics ("What we study") to methods used to make progress on these topics ("How we study"). Topics range from plate tectonics to natural hazards; ice sheets to sustainability. For each topic, we focus is on how the interpretation of geophysical measurements (e.g., gravity, seismology, heat flow, electromagnetism and remote sensing) provides fundamental insight into the behavior of the Earth. The course will includes a required all-day Saturday field exercise Feb 02/10 (rain-date: 02/17). Prerequisite: CME 100 or MATH 51, or co-registration in either.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 111: Biology and Global Change (BIO 117, EARTHSYS 217, ESS 111)

The biological causes and consequences of anthropogenic and natural changes in the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Topics: glacial cycles and marine circulation, greenhouse gases and climate change, tropical deforestation and species extinctions, and human population growth and resource use. Prerequisite: Biology or Human Biology core or BIO 81 or graduate standing.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 113: Earthquakes and Volcanoes (GEOPHYS 90)

Is the "Big One" overdue in California? What kind of damage would that cause? What can we do to reduce the impact of such hazards in urban environments? Does "fracking" cause earthquakes and are we at risk? Is the United States vulnerable to a giant tsunami? The geologic record contains evidence of volcanic super eruptions throughout Earth's history. What causes these gigantic explosive eruptions, and can they be predicted in the future? This course will address these and related issues. For non-majors and potential Earth scientists. No prerequisites. More information at: https://stanford.box.com/s/zr8ar28efmuo5wtlj6gj2jbxle76r4lu
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Beroza, G. (PI)

EARTHSYS 114: Global Change and Emerging Infectious Disease (EARTHSYS 214, ESS 213, HUMBIO 114)

The changing epidemiological environment. How human-induced environmental changes, such as global warming, deforestation and land-use conversion, urbanization, international commerce, and human migration, are altering the ecology of infectious disease transmission, and promoting their re-emergence as a global public health threat. Case studies of malaria, cholera, hantavirus, plague, and HIV.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Jones, J. (PI)

EARTHSYS 117: Earth Sciences of the Hawaiian Islands (ESS 117, SUSTAIN 117)

Progression from volcanic processes through rock weathering and soil-ecosystem development to landscape evolution. The course starts with an investigation of volcanic processes, including the volcano structure, origin of magmas, physical-chemical factors of eruptions. Factors controlling rock weathering and soil development, including depth and nutrient levels impacting plant ecosystems, are explored next. Geomorphic processes of landscape evolution including erosion rates, tectonic/volcanic activity, and hillslope stability conclude the course. Methods for monitoring and predicting eruptions, defining spatial changes in landform, landform stability, soil production rates, and measuring biogeochemical processes are covered throughout the course. This course is restricted to students accepted into the Earth Systems of Hawaii Program.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 124: Measurements in Earth Systems (ESS 212)

A classroom, laboratory, and field class designed to provide students familiarity with techniques and instrumentation used to track biological, chemical, and physical processes operating in earth systems, encompassing upland, aquatic, estuarine, and marine environments. Topics include gas and water flux measurement, nutrient and isotopic analysis, soil and water chemistry determination. Students will develop and test hypotheses, provide scientific evidence and analysis, culminating in a final presentation.
Last offered: Winter 2020 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 127A: The Sixth Extinction (and the Other Five) (BIO 169, BIO 237, EARTHSYS 227A, EPS 137, EPS 237)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 137 and 237) Are we living through Earth's sixth major mass extinction event? The course will address the causes and consequences of extinction. It will review current understanding of background and mass extinction in the fossil record, including aclose examination of three major mass extinction events. It will assess the intensity, selectivity, and trends in the current biodiversity crisis and assess the options and prospects for approaches to mitigating and, ultimately, recovering from this sixth extinction. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable 3 times (up to 9 units total)

EARTHSYS 128: Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (BIO 148, BIO 228, EPS 128, EPS 228)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 128 and 228) The what, when, where, and how do we know it regarding life on land through time. Fossil plants, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates (yes, dinosaurs) are all covered, including how all of those components interact with each other and with changing climates, continental drift, atmospheric composition, and environmental perturbations like glaciation and mass extinction. The course involves both lecture and lab components. Graduate students registering at the 200-level are expected to write a term paper, but can opt out of some labs where appropriate. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 143: Molecular Geomicrobiology Laboratory (BIO 142, ESS 143, ESS 243)

In this course, students will be studying the biosynthesis of cyclic lipid biomarkers, molecules that are produced by modern microbes that can be preserved in rocks that are over a billion years old and which geologist use as molecular fossils. Students will be tasked with identifying potential biomarker lipid synthesis genes in environmental genomic databases, expressing those genes in a model bacterial expression system in the lab, and then analyzing the lipid products that are produced. The overall goal is for students to experience the scientific research process including generating hypotheses, testing these hypotheses in laboratory experiments, and communicating their results through a publication style paper. Prerequisites: BIO83 and CHEM 121 or permission of the instructor.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 151: Biological Oceanography (EARTHSYS 251, ESS 151, ESS 251)

Required for Earth Systems students in the oceans track. Interdisciplinary look at how oceanic environments control the form and function of marine life. Topics include distributions of planktonic production and abundance, nutrient cycling, the role of ocean biology in the climate system, expected effects of climate changes on ocean biology. Local weekend field trips.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Arrigo, K. (PI)

EARTHSYS 152: Marine Chemistry (EARTHSYS 252, ESS 152, ESS 252, OCEANS 152, OCEANS 252)

Introduction to the interdisciplinary knowledge and skills required to critically evaluate problems in marine chemistry and related disciplines. Physical, chemical, and biological processes that determine the chemical composition of seawater. Air-sea gas exchange, carbonate chemistry, and chemical equilibria, nutrient and trace element cycling, particle reactivity, sediment chemistry, and diagenesis. Examination of chemical tracers of mixing and circulation and feedbacks of ocean processes on atmospheric chemistry and climate. Designed to be taken concurrently with Biological Oceanography (ESS/EARTHSYS 151/251)
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 155: Science of Soils (ESS 155)

Physical, chemical, and biological processes within soil systems. Emphasis is on factors governing nutrient availability, plant growth and production, land-resource management, and pollution within soils. How to classify soils and assess nutrient cycling and contaminant fate. Recommended: introductory chemistry and biology.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Fendorf, S. (PI)

EARTHSYS 158: Geomicrobiology (BIO 190, EARTHSYS 258, ESS 158, ESS 258)

How microorganisms shape the geochemistry of the Earth's crust including oceans, lakes, estuaries, subsurface environments, sediments, soils, mineral deposits, and rocks. Topics include mineral formation and dissolution; biogeochemical cycling of elements (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and metals); geochemical and mineralogical controls on microbial activity, diversity, and evolution; life in extreme environments; and the application of new techniques to geomicrobial systems. Recommended: introductory chemistry and microbiology such as CEE 274A.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 170: Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna (BIO 185, DLCL 170, EALC 170, GLOBAL 170)

Under conditions of global environmental change and mass extinction, how will humanity share the planet with wildlife? This course invites undergraduate students to consider this question under the guidance of two biologists and a literary scholar. We will engage with a range of interdisciplinary scholarship on how humans seek to study, understand, exploit, protect, and empathize with charismatic megafauna. We ask how regional differences in culture, political economy, and ecology shape conservation efforts.
Terms: Aut, Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER, WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 183: Adaptation (ESS 185)

Adaptation is the process by which organisms or societies become better suited to their environments. In this class, we will explore three distinct but related notions of adaptation. Biological adaptations arise through natural selection, while cultural adaptations arise from a variety of processes, some of which closely resemble natural selection. A newer notion of adaptation has emerged in the context of climate change where adaptation takes on a highly instrumental, and often planned, quality as a response to the negative impacts of environmental change. We will discuss each of these ideas, using their commonalities and subtle differences to develop a broader understanding of the dynamic interplay between people and their environments. Topics covered will include, among others: evolution, natural selection, levels of selection, formal models of cultural evolution, replicator dynamics, resilience, rationality and its limits, complexity, adaptive management.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EARTHSYS 323: Stanford at Sea (BIO 182H, BIO 323H, ESS 323, OCEANS 182H, OCEANS 323H)

(Graduate students register for 323H.) Five weeks of marine science including oceanography, marine physiology, policy, maritime studies, conservation, and nautical science at Hopkins Marine Station, followed by five weeks at sea aboard a sailing research vessel in the Pacific Ocean. Shore component comprised of three multidisciplinary courses meeting daily and continuing aboard ship. Students develop an independent research project plan while ashore, and carry out the research at sea. In collaboration with the Sea Education Association of Woods Hole, MA. Only 6 units may count towards the Biology major.
Terms: Spr | Units: 16 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

EE 14N: Things about Stuff

Preference to freshmen. The stories behind disruptive inventions such as the telegraph, telephone, wireless, television, transistor, and chip are as important as the inventions themselves, for they elucidate broadly applicable scientific principles. Focus is on studying consumer devices; projects include building batteries, energy conversion devices and semiconductors from pocket change. Students may propose topics and projects of interest to them. The trajectory of the course is determined in large part by the students themselves.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Lee, T. (PI)

EE 21N: Making at the nanometer scale: A journey into microchips

Have you ever wondered what is inside your phone and your computer? What physical events happen in between the time you press the 'search' button and the information shows up on the screen? In this course, we start with the classic paper by Richard Feynman, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," which laid down a challenge to the nanotechnologists. Today's microchips are nanotechnology in action. Transistors are nanometer scale. We will introduce students to the tools of nanotechnologists and the basic elements of nanoscale science and engineering such as nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, and self-assembly. We will visit nanotechnology laboratories to consolidate our learning, go into the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility (SNF), and do a four-week project on nanofabrication. Hands-on laboratory work will be introduced (e.g., lithography, seeing things at the nanoscale using electron microscopes). We will learn how to build transistors from scratch and test them.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Wong, H. (PI)

EE 42: Introduction to Electromagnetics and Its Applications (ENGR 42)

Electricity and magnetism and its essential role in modern electrical engineering devices and systems, such as sensors, displays, DVD players, and optical communication systems. The topics that will be covered include electrostatics, magnetostatics, Maxwell's equations, one-dimensional wave equation, electromagnetic waves, transmission lines, and one-dimensional resonators. Pre-requisites: none.
Terms: Spr, Sum | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EE 60N: Man versus Nature: Coping with Disasters Using Space Technology (GEOPHYS 60N)

Preference to freshman. Natural hazards, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, hurricanes, and fires, and how they affect people and society; great disasters such as asteroid impacts that periodically obliterate many species of life. Scientific issues, political and social consequences, costs of disaster mitigation, and how scientific knowledge affects policy. How spaceborne imaging technology makes it possible to respond quickly and mitigate consequences; how it is applied to natural disasters; and remote sensing data manipulation and analysis. GER:DB-EngrAppSci
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Zebker, H. (PI)

EE 65: Modern Physics for Engineers (ENGR 65)

This course introduces the core ideas of modern physics that enable applications ranging from solar energy and efficient lighting to the modern electronic and optical devices and nanotechnologies that sense, process, store, communicate and display all our information. Though the ideas have broad impact, the course is widely accessible to engineering and science students with only basic linear algebra and calculus through simple ordinary differential equations as mathematics background. Topics include the quantum mechanics of electrons and photons (Schr¿dinger's equation, atoms, electrons, energy levels and energy bands; absorption and emission of photons; quantum confinement in nanostructures), the statistical mechanics of particles (entropy, the Boltzmann factor, thermal distributions), the thermodynamics of light (thermal radiation, limits to light concentration, spontaneous and stimulated emission), and the physics of information (Maxwell's demon, reversibility, entropy and noise in physics and information theory). Pre-requisite: Physics 41. Pre- or co-requisite: Math 53 or CME 102.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

EE 101A: Circuits I

Introduction to circuit modeling and analysis. Topics include creating the models of typical components in electronic circuits and simplifying non-linear models for restricted ranges of operation (small signal model); and using network theory to solve linear and non-linear circuits under static and dynamic operations. Prerequisite: MATH 20 (or equivalent) is required, and ENGR 40M is strongly recommended.
Terms: Win, Sum | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

EE 101B: Circuits II

Continuation of EE101A. Introduction to circuit design for modern electronic systems. Modeling and analysis of analog gain stages, frequency response, feedback. Filtering and analog to digital conversion. Fundamentals of circuit simulation. Prerequisites: EE101A, EE102A. Recommended: MATH 53 or CME102.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

EE 108: Digital System Design

Digital circuit, logic, and system design. Digital representation of information. CMOS logic circuits. Combinational logic design. Logic building blocks, idioms, and structured design. Sequential logic design and timing analysis. Clocks and synchronization. Finite state machines. Microcode control. Digital system design. Control and datapath partitioning. Lab. *In Autumn, enrollment preference is given to EE majors. Any EE majors who must enroll in Autumn are invited to contact the instructor. Formerly EE 108A.
Terms: Aut, Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EE 114: Fundamentals of Analog Integrated Circuit Design (EE 214A)

Analysis and simulation of elementary transistor stages, current mirrors, supply- and temperature-independent bias, and reference circuits. Overview of integrated circuit technologies, circuit components, component variations and practical design paradigms. Differential circuits, frequency response, and feedback will also be covered. Performance evaluation using computer-aided design tools. Undergraduates must take EE 114 for 4 units. Prerequisite: 101B. GER:DB-EngrAppSci
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EE 115: Taking the Pulse of the Planet (GEOPHYS 115)

Grappling with the big questions of sustainability and climate change, requires that we have ways to measure ? as we cannot manage what we cannot measure. This course, Taking the Pulse of the Planet introduces a new research and teaching initiative at Stanford ? also called Taking the Pulse of the Planet, which has the following goal: to have in place a global network of satellite, airborne, land/water-based sensors to support the real-time adaptive management of planetary health and human activities. Measurements will be made at the spatial and temporal scales required to inform the development and implementation of new policies addressing critical issues related to climate change, sustainability, and equity. Tapping into rapid advancements in sensor technology and data science over the past decade, we can now image and monitor many components of the Earth system and human activities. With the launch of the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, we wish to celebrate, through this course, the powerful role that advancements in technology ? specifically sensors ? and advancements in data science are playing in addressing the global challenges in sustainability and climate change. This will be a lecture class for undergraduates and graduate students designed to introduce them to the incredible array of sensors and data sets now available. We will finish the quarter with group projects that will involve the making and deployment of sensors around campus. The course will be designed to accommodate students at any level, with any background, with no required pre-requisites. In most of the assignments, we will be using Google co-lab to work with various types of sensor data. We anticipate drawing to this course both data-science-savvy and data-science-interested students. Therefore, we have developed online modules that are designed to help any student get up to speed on the "jargon" and the computational approaches used in the class.
| Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EE 116: Semiconductor Devices for Energy and Electronics

The underpinnings of modern technology are the transistor (circuits), the capacitor (memory), and the solar cell (energy). EE 116 introduces the physics of their operation, their historical origins (including Nobel prize breakthroughs), and how they can be optimized for future applications. The class covers physical principles of semiconductors, including silicon and new material discoveries, quantum effects, band theory, operating principles, and device equations. Recommended (but not required) co-requisite: EE 65 or equivalent.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA

EE 124: Introduction to Neuroelectrical Engineering

Fundamental properties of electrical activity in neurons, technology for measuring and altering neural activity, and operating principles of modern neurological and neural prosthetic medical systems. Topics: action potential generation and propagation, neuro-MEMS and measurement systems, experimental design and statistical data analysis, information encoding and decoding, clinical diagnostic systems, and fully-implantable neural prosthetic systems design. Prerequisite: EE 101A and EE 102A.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EE 134: Introduction to Photonics

Optics and photonics underpin the technologies that define our daily life, from communications and sensing to displays and imaging. This course provides an introduction to the principles that govern the generation, manipulation, and detection of light and will give students hands-on lab experience applying these principles to analyze and design working optical systems. The concepts we will cover form the basis for many systems in biology, optoelectronics, and telecommunications and build a foundation for further learning in photonics and optoelectronics. Connecting theory to observation and application is a major theme for the course. Prerequisite: EE 102A and one of the following: EE 42, Physics 43, or Physics 63.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Choi, J. (PI); Mishra, S. (TA)

EE 142: Engineering Electromagnetics

Introduction to electromagnetism and Maxwell's equations in static and dynamic regimes. Electrostatics and magnetostatics: Gauss's, Coulomb's, Faraday's, Ampere's, Biot-Savart's laws. Electric and magnetic potentials. Boundary conditions. Electric and magnetic field energy. Electrodynamics: Wave equation; Electromagnetic waves; Phasor form of Maxwell's equations.Solution of the wave equation in 1D free space: Wavelength, wave-vector, forward and backward propagating plane waves.Poynting's theorem. Propagation in lossy media, skin depth. Reflection and refraction at planar boundaries, total internal reflection. Solutions of wave equation for various 1D-3D problems: Electromagnetic resonators, waveguides periodic media, transmission lines. Formerly EE 141. Prerequisites: an introductory course in electromagnetics (PHYSICS 43, PHYSICS 63, PHYSICS 81, or EE 42) and a solid background in vector calculus (CME 100, CME 102, or MATH 52, with MATH 52 being an ideal prerequisite)
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Fan, J. (PI); Azzouz, M. (TA)

EE 153: Power Electronics (EE 253)

Addressing the energy challenges of today and the environmental challenges of the future will require efficient energy conversion techniques. This course will discuss the circuits used to efficiently convert ac power to dc power, dc power from one voltage level to another, and dc power to ac power. The components used in these circuits (e.g., diodes, transistors, capacitors, inductors) will also be covered in detail to highlight their behavior in a practical implementation. A lab will be held with the class where students will obtain hands on experience with power electronic circuits. For WIM credit, students must enroll in EE 153 for 4 units. No exceptions. Formerly EE 292J. Prerequisite: EE 101A. Strongly recommended EE 101B.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EE 180: Digital Systems Architecture

The design of processor-based digital systems. Instruction sets, addressing modes, data types. Assembly language programming, low-level data structures, introduction to operating systems and compilers. Processor microarchitecture, microprogramming, pipelining. Memory systems and caches. Input/output, interrupts, buses and DMA. System design implementation alternatives, software/hardware tradeoffs. Labs involve the design of processor subsystems and processor-based embedded systems. Formerly EE 108B. Prerequisite: one of CS107 or CS 107E (required) and EE108 (recommended but not required).
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

ENERGY 30N: Busting Energy Myths

Energy myths and misconceptions to better equip participants to understand a pathway for global energy transformation. Key concepts developed and employed include energy [kinetic, potential, chemical, thermal, etc.], power, heat, renewables, efficiency, transmission, and life cycle analysis. Throughout this seminar groups of students are challenged with "energy myths" and their task is to deconstruct these myths and convince their classmates in oral presentations that they have indeed done so. Emphasis is on critical and analytical thinking, problem solving and presentation.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ENERGY 101: Energy and the Environment (EARTHSYS 101)

Energy use in modern society and the consequences of current and future energy use patterns. Case studies illustrate resource estimation, engineering analysis of energy systems, and options for managing carbon emissions. Focus is on energy definitions, use patterns, resource estimation, pollution.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

ENERGY 102: Fundamentals of Renewable Power (EARTHSYS 102)

Do you want a much better understanding of renewable power technologies? Did you know that wind and solar are the fastest growing forms of electricity generation? Are you interested in hearing about the most recent, and future, designs for green power? Do you want to understand what limits power extraction from renewable resources and how current designs could be improved? This course dives deep into these and related issues for wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, tidal and wave power technologies. We welcome all student, from non-majors to MBAs and grad students. If you are potentially interested in an energy or environmental related major, this course is particularly useful.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

ENERGY 120: Mass and Energy Transport in Porous Media (ENGR 120)

Engineering topics in mass and energy transport in porous media relevant to energy systems. Mass, momentum and energy conservation equations in porous structures. Single phase and multiphase flow through porous media. Gas laws. Introduction to thermodynamics. Chemical, physical, and thermodynamic properties of liquids and gases in the subsurface.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA

ENGR 15: Dynamics

The application of Newton's Laws to solve 2-D and 3-D static and dynamic problems, particle and rigid body dynamics, freebody diagrams, and equations of motion, with application to mechanical, biomechanical, and aerospace systems. Computer numerical solution and dynamic response. Prerequisites: Calculus (differentiation and integration) such as Math 19, 20; and ENGR 14 (statics and strength) or a mechanics course in physics such as PHYSICS 41.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

ENGR 20: Introduction to Chemical Engineering (CHEMENG 20)

Overview of chemical engineering through discussion and engineering analysis of physical and chemical processes. Topics: overall staged separations, material and energy balances, concepts of rate processes, energy and mass transport, and kinetics of chemical reactions. Applications of these concepts to areas of current technological importance: biotechnology, energy, production of chemicals, materials processing, and purification. Prerequisite: CHEM 31.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

ENGR 40A: Introductory Electronics

Instruction will be completed in the first seven weeks of the quarter. Students not majoring in Electrical Engineering may choose to take only ENGR 40A; Electrical Engineering majors should take both ENGR 40A and ENGR 40B. Overview of electronic circuits and applications. Electrical quantities and their measurement, including operation of the oscilloscope. Basic models of electronic components including resistors, capacitors, inductors, and operational amplifiers. Lab. Lab assignments. Enrollment limited to 300.
Terms: Sum | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

ENGR 40M: An Intro to Making: What is EE

Is a hands-on class where students learn to make stuff. Through the process of building, you are introduced to the basic areas of EE. Students build a "useless box" and learn about circuits, feedback, and programming hardware, a light display for your desk and bike and learn about coding, transforms, and LEDs, a solar charger and an EKG machine and learn about power, noise, feedback, more circuits, and safety. And you get to keep the toys you build. Prerequisite: CS 106A.
Terms: Aut, Win, Sum | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

ENGR 42: Introduction to Electromagnetics and Its Applications (EE 42)

Electricity and magnetism and its essential role in modern electrical engineering devices and systems, such as sensors, displays, DVD players, and optical communication systems. The topics that will be covered include electrostatics, magnetostatics, Maxwell's equations, one-dimensional wave equation, electromagnetic waves, transmission lines, and one-dimensional resonators. Pre-requisites: none.
Terms: Spr, Sum | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

ENGR 50: Introduction to Materials Science, Nanotechnology Emphasis

The structure, bonding, and atomic arrangements in materials leading to their properties and applications. Topics include electronic and mechanical behavior, emphasizing nanotechnology, solid state devices, and advanced structural and composite materials.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Sinclair, R. (PI)

ENGR 50E: Introduction to Materials Science, Energy Emphasis

Materials structure, bonding and atomic arrangements leading to their properties and applications. Topics include electronic, thermal and mechanical behavior; emphasizing energy related materials and challenges.
Terms: Win, Sum | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Mannix, A. (PI); Peng, H. (TA)

ENGR 50M: Introduction to Materials Science, Biomaterials Emphasis

Topics include: the relationship between atomic structure and macroscopic properties of man-made and natural materials; mechanical and thermodynamic behavior of surgical implants including alloys, ceramics, and polymers; and materials selection for biotechnology applications such as contact lenses, artificial joints, and cardiovascular stents. No prerequisite.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

ENGR 55: Foundational Biology for Engineers (CHEMENG 55)

Biology, physics, and chemistry are the substrates for the modern engineer. Whether you are interested in developing the next generation of medicines or would like the next material or catalyst you design to be inspired by solutions found in Nature, this course will deepen your knowledge of the foundational concepts in biology and enrich your engineering skills. We will introduce the physical principles that underlie the construction and function of living cells, the fundamental building block of life. Emphasis will be on systems, logic, quantitation, and mechanisms of the molecular processes utilized by all life on Earth. This course has no prerequisites, but prior completion of CHEM 31 or equivalent is highly recommended.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

ENGR 65: Modern Physics for Engineers (EE 65)

This course introduces the core ideas of modern physics that enable applications ranging from solar energy and efficient lighting to the modern electronic and optical devices and nanotechnologies that sense, process, store, communicate and display all our information. Though the ideas have broad impact, the course is widely accessible to engineering and science students with only basic linear algebra and calculus through simple ordinary differential equations as mathematics background. Topics include the quantum mechanics of electrons and photons (Schr¿dinger's equation, atoms, electrons, energy levels and energy bands; absorption and emission of photons; quantum confinement in nanostructures), the statistical mechanics of particles (entropy, the Boltzmann factor, thermal distributions), the thermodynamics of light (thermal radiation, limits to light concentration, spontaneous and stimulated emission), and the physics of information (Maxwell's demon, reversibility, entropy and noise in physics and information theory). Pre-requisite: Physics 41. Pre- or co-requisite: Math 53 or CME 102.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

ENGR 120: Mass and Energy Transport in Porous Media (ENERGY 120)

Engineering topics in mass and energy transport in porous media relevant to energy systems. Mass, momentum and energy conservation equations in porous structures. Single phase and multiphase flow through porous media. Gas laws. Introduction to thermodynamics. Chemical, physical, and thermodynamic properties of liquids and gases in the subsurface.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA

EPS 1: Introduction to Geology (EARTHSYS 11)

(Former GEOLSCI 1) Why are earthquakes, volcanoes, and natural resources located at specific spots on the Earth's surface? Why are there rolling hills to the west behind Stanford and soaring granite walls to the east in Yosemite? What was the Earth like in the past, and what will it be like in the future? Lectures, hands-on laboratories, in-class activities, and one virtual field trip will help you see the Earth through the eyes of a geologist. Topics include plate tectonics, the cycling and formation of different types of rocks, and how geologists use rocks to understand Earth's history. Change of Department Name: Earth & Planetary Sciences (Formerly Geological Science)
Terms: Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EPS 2: Chemistry of the Earth and Planets (EARTHSYS 2)

(EPS 2 - Former GEOLSCI 2) Chemistry of the Earth and Planets Couse Description: Introduction to chemical principles with an emphasis on applications in the Earth Sciences. Topics include the origin and distribution of the elements in the solar system and on Earth, the origin and structure of the Earth, its oceans, and atmosphere; crystal chemistry, structure, and transformations; predicting and balancing reactions; thermodynamics, phase diagrams, high temperature and aqueous geochemistry, weathering, isotope geochemistry, and organic geochemistry. Students will also be exposed to analytical methods used in the Earth sciences. Change of Department Name: Earth & Planetary Sciences (Formerly Geological Science)
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable 3 times (up to 9 units total)

EPS 4: Coevolution of Earth and Life (EARTHSYS 4)

(EPS 4 - Former GEOLSCI 4) Earth is the only planet in the universe currently known to harbor life. When and how did Earth become inhabited? How have biological activities altered the planet? How have environmental changes affected the evolution of life? In this course, we explore these questions by developing an understanding of life's multi-billion year history using tools from biology, geology, paleontology, and chemistry. We discuss major groups of organisms, when they appear in the rock record, and how they have interacted with the Earth to create the habitats and ecosystems that we are familiar with today. Change of Department Name: Earth & Planetary Sciences (Formerly Geological Science)
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

EPS 30N: Designing Science Fiction Planets (GEOPHYS 30N)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 30N) Science fiction writers craft entire worlds and physical laws with their minds. While planetary formation in the real world is a little different, we can use fantastical places and environments from film, television, and literature as conversation starters to discuss real discoveries that have been made about how planets form and evolve over time. The class will focus on the following overarching questions: (1) What conditions are required for habitable planets to form? (2) What types of planets may actually exist, including desert worlds, lava planets, ice planets, and ocean worlds? (3) What kids of life could inhabit such diverse worlds? (3) What types of catastrophic events such as supernovas, asteroid impacts, climate changes can nurture or destroy planetary habitability? Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Tikoo, S. (PI)

EPS 40N: Diamonds

(Formerly GEOLSCI 40N) Preference to freshmen. Topics include the history of diamonds as gemstones, prospecting and mining, and their often tragic politics. How diamond samples provide clues for geologists to understand the Earth's deep interior and the origins of the solar system. Diamond's unique materials properties and efforts in synthesizing diamonds. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

EPS 42: Moving and Shaking in the Bay Area

(Formerly GEOLSCI 42) Active faulting and erosion in the Bay Area, and its effects upon landscapes. Earth science concepts and skills through investigation of the valley, mountain, and coastal areas around Stanford. Faulting associated with the San Andreas Fault, coastal processes along the San Mateo coast, uplift of the mountains by plate tectonic processes, and landsliding in urban and mountainous areas. Field excursions; student projects. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

EPS 103: Earth Materials: Rocks in Thin Section (EPS 203)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 103 and 203) Use of petrographic microscope to identify minerals and common mineral associations in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Crystallization histories, mineral growth and reaction relations, deformation textures in metamorphic rocks, and provenance of siliciclastic rocks. Required lab section. Prerequisite 102. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Science).
| Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EPS 105: Introduction to Field Methods (EPS 405)

A two-week, field-based course in the White Mountains of eastern California. Introduction to the techniques for geologic mapping and geologic investigation in the field: systematic observations and data collection for lithologic columns and structural cross-sections. Interpretation of field relationships and data to determine the stratigraphic and deformational history of the region. Prerequisite: EPS 1, recommended: EPS 102. Change of Department Name: Earth & Planetary Sciences (Formerly Geological Science)
Terms: Aut, Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EPS 106: Sediments: The Book of Earth's History

(Formerly GEOLSCI 106) Topics: weathering, erosion and transportation, deposition, origins of sedimentary structures and textures, sediment composition, diagenesis, sedimentary facies, tectonics and sedimentation, and the characteristics of the major siliciclastic and carbonate depositional environments. Required Lab Section: methods of analysis of sediments in hand specimen and thin section. There is a required field problem trips to the field site(s) during the quarter, data collection and analysis, and preparation of a final written and oral report. Prerequisites: 1, 102, 103. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

EPS 107: Journey to the Center of the Earth (EPS 207, GEOPHYS 184, GEOPHYS 274)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 107 and 207) The interconnected set of dynamic systems that make up the Earth. Focus is on fundamental geophysical observations of the Earth and the laboratory experiments to understand and interpret them. What earthquakes, volcanoes, gravity, magnetic fields, and rocks reveal about the Earth's formation and evolution. In addition to the Tuesday Thursday class meeting, a one-hour weekly section will be arranged and scheduling will be determined at the start of the quarter. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences)
| Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EPS 110: Our Dynamic West: Practical methods in geological sciences an intro to how the Earth deforms (EPS 294)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 110 and 294) Theory, principles, and practical techniques to measure, describe, analyze, and interpret deformation-related structures on Earth. Collection of fault and fold data in the field followed by lab and computer analysis; interpretation of geologic maps and methods of cross-section construction; structural analysis of fault zones and metamorphic rocks; measuring deformation; regional structural styles and associated landforms related to plate tectonic convergence, rifting and strike-slip faulting; the evolution of mountain belts and formation of sedimentary basins. Prerequisite: EPS 1 (Formerly GEOLSCI 1), calculus. Recommended: 102, 105. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

EPS 124: Introduction to Planetary Science (ESS 125, GEOPHYS 124)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 124) This course provides an introduction to planetary science through the exploration of processes that formed and modified planetary bodies within the Solar System and beyond. Each lecture will be given by an expert in a specific subfield of planetary sciences, with topics ranging from planetary materials and formation, planetary dynamics, planetary structure and tectonics, planetary atmospheres, impact cratering, surface processes, and astrobiology. We will also discuss how scientists investigate planets both near and far through sample analysis, telescopic and orbital remote sensing as well as in situ through robotic instruments. Although there are no prerequisites for this course, it is primarily directed towards undergraduate students who are majoring (or plan to) in the sciences or engineering. A minimum level of mathematics equivalent to high school algebra and introductory calculus will be necessary. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable 3 times (up to 12 units total)

EPS 128: Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (BIO 148, BIO 228, EARTHSYS 128, EPS 228)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 128 and 228) The what, when, where, and how do we know it regarding life on land through time. Fossil plants, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates (yes, dinosaurs) are all covered, including how all of those components interact with each other and with changing climates, continental drift, atmospheric composition, and environmental perturbations like glaciation and mass extinction. The course involves both lecture and lab components. Graduate students registering at the 200-level are expected to write a term paper, but can opt out of some labs where appropriate. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EPS 135: Sedimentary Geochemistry and Analysis (EPS 235)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 135 and 235) Introduction to research methods in sedimentary geochemistry. Proper laboratory techniques and strategies for generating reliable data applicable to any future labwork will be emphasized. This research-based course will examine how the geochemistry of sedimentary rocks informs us about local and global environmental conditions during deposition. Students will collect geochemical data from a measured stratigraphic section in the western United States. These samples will be collected during a four-day field trip at the end of spring break (attendance encouraged but not required). In lab, students will learn low-temperature geochemical techniques focusing on the cycling of biogeochemical elements (O, C, S, and Fe) in marine sediments throughout Earth history. The focus will be on geochemistry of fine-grained siliciclastic rocks (shale) but the geochemistry of carbonates will also be explored. This is a lab-based course complemented with lectures. Students who wish to take the course for less than 4 units must receive approval from the instructor. This course must be taken for a minimum of 3 units and a letter grade to be eligible for Ways credit. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 1-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EPS 136: Macroevolution (BIO 136, BIO 236, EPS 236)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 136 and 236) The course will focus on the macroevolution of animals. We will be exploring how paleobiology and developmental biology/genomics have contributed to our understanding of the origins of animals, and how patterns of evolution and extinction have shaped the diversity of animal forms we observe today. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

EPS 137: The Sixth Extinction (and the Other Five) (BIO 169, BIO 237, EARTHSYS 127A, EARTHSYS 227A, EPS 237)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 137 and 237) Are we living through Earth's sixth major mass extinction event? The course will address the causes and consequences of extinction. It will review current understanding of background and mass extinction in the fossil record, including aclose examination of three major mass extinction events. It will assess the intensity, selectivity, and trends in the current biodiversity crisis and assess the options and prospects for approaches to mitigating and, ultimately, recovering from this sixth extinction. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable 3 times (up to 9 units total)

EPS 145Q: Nuclear Issues: Energy, Weapons and the Environment

(Formerly GEOLSCI 145Q) The advances of nuclear science and technology is closely tied to the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear energy. This seminar reviews basic concepts of nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry and then describes the history of the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants. For nuclear weapons, the course focuses on proliferation and the theory of deterrence. We will use case studies to understand the nuclear threats from Russia, China and North Korea. For nuclear energy, the course focuses on power production, nuclear fuel cycles, the cost of nuclear power plants, nuclear accidents (Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi) and nuclear waste management and disposal. Finally, the students will examine the impact of nuclear power, as an energy source that has very low levels of greenhouse gas emissions, on global climate change. Each student will complete an individual research project/paper and make a presentation that will be focused on an aspect of the energy, nuclear weapons and climate change nexus. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Ewing, R. (PI)

EPS 180: Magmatic and Eruptive Processes (EPS 280)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 180 and 280) A dive into the processes involved in the generation, evolution, and eruption of magmas through the lens of local (northern California) magmatism. Explore concepts related to the compositional and textural evolution of magmas, including: the structure and physical properties of magmas; use of geobarometers and geothermometers to determine conditions of magmatic processes; melting and magmatic lineages as a function of tectonic setting; processes that control magma composition; petrogenetic use of trace elements and isotopes. Three optional weekend field trips to localities explored in weekly (1 hr/week) meetings will reinforce and enhance knowledge obtained from reading and discussion of scientific journal articles. Students participating in weekly meetings only should register for 1 unit, those participating in field trips (minimum two of three) should register for 3 units. This course must be taken for a minimum of 3 units and a letter grade to be eligible for Ways credit. EPS 1, EPS 2 (Previously GEOLSCI 1, GEOLSCI 2), or consent of instructor are prerequisites. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
| Units: 1-3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ESS 8: The Oceans: An Introduction to the Marine Environment (EARTHSYS 8)

The course will provide a basic understanding of how the ocean functions as a suite of interconnected ecosystems, both naturally and under the influence of human activities. Emphasis is on the interactions between the physical and chemical environment and the dominant organisms of each ecosystem. The types of ecosystems discussed include coral reefs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, coastal upwelling systems, blue-water oceans, estuaries, and near-shore dead zones. Lectures, multimedia presentations, group activities, and tide-pooling day trip.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Arrigo, K. (PI)

ESS 46N: Exploring the Critical Interface between the Land and Monterey Bay: Elkhorn Slough (EARTHSYS 46N)

Preference to freshmen. Field trips to sites in the Elkhorn Slough, a small agriculturally impacted estuary that opens into Monterey Bay, a model ecosystem for understanding the complexity of estuaries, and one of California's last remaining coastal wetlands. Readings include Jane Caffrey's "Changes in a California Estuary: A Profile of Elkhorn Slough". Basics of biogeochemistry, microbiology, oceanography, ecology, pollution, and environmental management.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Francis, C. (PI)

ESS 65N: How to make a tornado (and other flows in the atmosphere and ocean)

In this seminar students explore the physics of atmospheric and oceanic flows experientially using rotating tanks of water on small turntables provided to students in the class. Different flow phenomena from tornado formation, ocean gyres, to hurricane propagation are introduced each week and experiments are designed to simulate them. The experiments, like the oceanic and atmospheric motions they are simulating, can be visually stunning, like pieces of fluid artwork, and the students will learn various visualization techniques to draw out their beauty. The goal is for students to practice the scientific method while gaining an understanding and appreciation for how the ocean and atmosphere work.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Thomas, L. (PI)

ESS 71: Planet Ocean (BIO 71, OCEANS 71)

Oceans make up the majority of our planet's area and living spaces and are fundamental to biodiversity, climate, food and commerce.This course covers integration of the oceanography and marine biology of diverse ocean habitats such as the deep sea, coral reefs, open ocean, temperate coasts, estuaries and polar seas. Lectures include state of the art knowledge as well as emerging technologies for future exploration. The second section focuses on how the oceans link to the global environment, and how ocean capacity helps determine human sustainability.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ESS 111: Biology and Global Change (BIO 117, EARTHSYS 111, EARTHSYS 217)

The biological causes and consequences of anthropogenic and natural changes in the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Topics: glacial cycles and marine circulation, greenhouse gases and climate change, tropical deforestation and species extinctions, and human population growth and resource use. Prerequisite: Biology or Human Biology core or BIO 81 or graduate standing.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

ESS 117: Earth Sciences of the Hawaiian Islands (EARTHSYS 117, SUSTAIN 117)

Progression from volcanic processes through rock weathering and soil-ecosystem development to landscape evolution. The course starts with an investigation of volcanic processes, including the volcano structure, origin of magmas, physical-chemical factors of eruptions. Factors controlling rock weathering and soil development, including depth and nutrient levels impacting plant ecosystems, are explored next. Geomorphic processes of landscape evolution including erosion rates, tectonic/volcanic activity, and hillslope stability conclude the course. Methods for monitoring and predicting eruptions, defining spatial changes in landform, landform stability, soil production rates, and measuring biogeochemical processes are covered throughout the course. This course is restricted to students accepted into the Earth Systems of Hawaii Program.
Last offered: Autumn 2018 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ESS 125: Introduction to Planetary Science (EPS 124, GEOPHYS 124)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 124) This course provides an introduction to planetary science through the exploration of processes that formed and modified planetary bodies within the Solar System and beyond. Each lecture will be given by an expert in a specific subfield of planetary sciences, with topics ranging from planetary materials and formation, planetary dynamics, planetary structure and tectonics, planetary atmospheres, impact cratering, surface processes, and astrobiology. We will also discuss how scientists investigate planets both near and far through sample analysis, telescopic and orbital remote sensing as well as in situ through robotic instruments. Although there are no prerequisites for this course, it is primarily directed towards undergraduate students who are majoring (or plan to) in the sciences or engineering. A minimum level of mathematics equivalent to high school algebra and introductory calculus will be necessary. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable 3 times (up to 12 units total)

ESS 143: Molecular Geomicrobiology Laboratory (BIO 142, EARTHSYS 143, ESS 243)

In this course, students will be studying the biosynthesis of cyclic lipid biomarkers, molecules that are produced by modern microbes that can be preserved in rocks that are over a billion years old and which geologist use as molecular fossils. Students will be tasked with identifying potential biomarker lipid synthesis genes in environmental genomic databases, expressing those genes in a model bacterial expression system in the lab, and then analyzing the lipid products that are produced. The overall goal is for students to experience the scientific research process including generating hypotheses, testing these hypotheses in laboratory experiments, and communicating their results through a publication style paper. Prerequisites: BIO83 and CHEM 121 or permission of the instructor.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ESS 151: Biological Oceanography (EARTHSYS 151, EARTHSYS 251, ESS 251)

Required for Earth Systems students in the oceans track. Interdisciplinary look at how oceanic environments control the form and function of marine life. Topics include distributions of planktonic production and abundance, nutrient cycling, the role of ocean biology in the climate system, expected effects of climate changes on ocean biology. Local weekend field trips.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Arrigo, K. (PI)

ESS 152: Marine Chemistry (EARTHSYS 152, EARTHSYS 252, ESS 252, OCEANS 152, OCEANS 252)

Introduction to the interdisciplinary knowledge and skills required to critically evaluate problems in marine chemistry and related disciplines. Physical, chemical, and biological processes that determine the chemical composition of seawater. Air-sea gas exchange, carbonate chemistry, and chemical equilibria, nutrient and trace element cycling, particle reactivity, sediment chemistry, and diagenesis. Examination of chemical tracers of mixing and circulation and feedbacks of ocean processes on atmospheric chemistry and climate. Designed to be taken concurrently with Biological Oceanography (ESS/EARTHSYS 151/251)
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

ESS 155: Science of Soils (EARTHSYS 155)

Physical, chemical, and biological processes within soil systems. Emphasis is on factors governing nutrient availability, plant growth and production, land-resource management, and pollution within soils. How to classify soils and assess nutrient cycling and contaminant fate. Recommended: introductory chemistry and biology.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Fendorf, S. (PI)

ESS 158: Geomicrobiology (BIO 190, EARTHSYS 158, EARTHSYS 258, ESS 258)

How microorganisms shape the geochemistry of the Earth's crust including oceans, lakes, estuaries, subsurface environments, sediments, soils, mineral deposits, and rocks. Topics include mineral formation and dissolution; biogeochemical cycling of elements (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and metals); geochemical and mineralogical controls on microbial activity, diversity, and evolution; life in extreme environments; and the application of new techniques to geomicrobial systems. Recommended: introductory chemistry and microbiology such as CEE 274A.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

ESS 185: Adaptation (EARTHSYS 183)

Adaptation is the process by which organisms or societies become better suited to their environments. In this class, we will explore three distinct but related notions of adaptation. Biological adaptations arise through natural selection, while cultural adaptations arise from a variety of processes, some of which closely resemble natural selection. A newer notion of adaptation has emerged in the context of climate change where adaptation takes on a highly instrumental, and often planned, quality as a response to the negative impacts of environmental change. We will discuss each of these ideas, using their commonalities and subtle differences to develop a broader understanding of the dynamic interplay between people and their environments. Topics covered will include, among others: evolution, natural selection, levels of selection, formal models of cultural evolution, replicator dynamics, resilience, rationality and its limits, complexity, adaptive management.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

GEOPHYS 20N: How to Predict a Super Eruption

The physics and chemistry of volcanic processes and modern methods of volcano monitoring. Volcanoes as manifestations of the Earth's internal energy and hazards to society. How earth scientists better forecast eruptive activity by monitoring seismic activity, bulging of the ground surface, and the discharge of volcanic gases, and by studying deposits from past eruptions. Focus is on the interface between scientists and policy makers and the challenges of decision making with incomplete information. Field trip to Mt. St. Helens, site of the 1980 eruption.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Segall, P. (PI)

GEOPHYS 30N: Designing Science Fiction Planets (EPS 30N)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 30N) Science fiction writers craft entire worlds and physical laws with their minds. While planetary formation in the real world is a little different, we can use fantastical places and environments from film, television, and literature as conversation starters to discuss real discoveries that have been made about how planets form and evolve over time. The class will focus on the following overarching questions: (1) What conditions are required for habitable planets to form? (2) What types of planets may actually exist, including desert worlds, lava planets, ice planets, and ocean worlds? (3) What kids of life could inhabit such diverse worlds? (3) What types of catastrophic events such as supernovas, asteroid impacts, climate changes can nurture or destroy planetary habitability? Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Tikoo, S. (PI)

GEOPHYS 54N: The Space Mission to Europa

Jupiter's icy moon Europa is a leading candidate in the search for life in our solar system outside of Earth. NASA's upcoming Europa Clipper mission would investigate the habitability of the moon using a suite of nine geophysical instruments. In this course, we will use the mission as a central text around which to explore the intersection of science, engineering, management, economics, culture, and politics involved in any modern big science enterprise.
Last offered: Autumn 2020 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

GEOPHYS 60N: Man versus Nature: Coping with Disasters Using Space Technology (EE 60N)

Preference to freshman. Natural hazards, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, hurricanes, and fires, and how they affect people and society; great disasters such as asteroid impacts that periodically obliterate many species of life. Scientific issues, political and social consequences, costs of disaster mitigation, and how scientific knowledge affects policy. How spaceborne imaging technology makes it possible to respond quickly and mitigate consequences; how it is applied to natural disasters; and remote sensing data manipulation and analysis. GER:DB-EngrAppSci
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Zebker, H. (PI)

GEOPHYS 90: Earthquakes and Volcanoes (EARTHSYS 113)

Is the "Big One" overdue in California? What kind of damage would that cause? What can we do to reduce the impact of such hazards in urban environments? Does "fracking" cause earthquakes and are we at risk? Is the United States vulnerable to a giant tsunami? The geologic record contains evidence of volcanic super eruptions throughout Earth's history. What causes these gigantic explosive eruptions, and can they be predicted in the future? This course will address these and related issues. For non-majors and potential Earth scientists. No prerequisites. More information at: https://stanford.box.com/s/zr8ar28efmuo5wtlj6gj2jbxle76r4lu
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Beroza, G. (PI)

GEOPHYS 104: The Water Course (EARTHSYS 104, EARTHSYS 204, GEOPHYS 204)

The Central Valley of California provides a third of the produce grown in the U.S., but recent droughts and increasing demand have raised concerns about both food and water security. The pathway that water takes from rainfall to the irrigation of fields or household taps ('the water course') determines the quantity and quality of the available water. Working with various data sources (measurements made on the ground, in wells, and from satellites) allows us to model the water budget in the valley and explore the recent impacts on freshwater supplies.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

GEOPHYS 110: Introduction to the Foundations of Contemporary Geophysics (EARTHSYS 110, GEOPHYS 215)

Introduction to the foundations of contemporary geophysics. Lectures link important topics in contemporary Geophysics ("What we study") to methods used to make progress on these topics ("How we study"). Topics range from plate tectonics to natural hazards; ice sheets to sustainability. For each topic, we focus is on how the interpretation of geophysical measurements (e.g., gravity, seismology, heat flow, electromagnetism and remote sensing) provides fundamental insight into the behavior of the Earth. The course will includes a required all-day Saturday field exercise Feb 02/10 (rain-date: 02/17). Prerequisite: CME 100 or MATH 51, or co-registration in either.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

GEOPHYS 115: Taking the Pulse of the Planet (EE 115)

Grappling with the big questions of sustainability and climate change, requires that we have ways to measure ? as we cannot manage what we cannot measure. This course, Taking the Pulse of the Planet introduces a new research and teaching initiative at Stanford ? also called Taking the Pulse of the Planet, which has the following goal: to have in place a global network of satellite, airborne, land/water-based sensors to support the real-time adaptive management of planetary health and human activities. Measurements will be made at the spatial and temporal scales required to inform the development and implementation of new policies addressing critical issues related to climate change, sustainability, and equity. Tapping into rapid advancements in sensor technology and data science over the past decade, we can now image and monitor many components of the Earth system and human activities. With the launch of the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, we wish to celebrate, through this course, the powerful role that advancements in technology ? specifically sensors ? and advancements in data science are playing in addressing the global challenges in sustainability and climate change. This will be a lecture class for undergraduates and graduate students designed to introduce them to the incredible array of sensors and data sets now available. We will finish the quarter with group projects that will involve the making and deployment of sensors around campus. The course will be designed to accommodate students at any level, with any background, with no required pre-requisites. In most of the assignments, we will be using Google co-lab to work with various types of sensor data. We anticipate drawing to this course both data-science-savvy and data-science-interested students. Therefore, we have developed online modules that are designed to help any student get up to speed on the "jargon" and the computational approaches used in the class.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

GEOPHYS 120: Geophysical Mechanics and Dynamics (GEOPHYS 220)

Introductory application of continuum mechanics to ice sheets and glaciers, water waves and tsunamis, and volcanoes. Emphasis on physical processes and mathematical description using balance of mass and momentum, combined with constitutive equations for fluids and solids. Designed for undergraduates with no prior geophysics background; also appropriate for beginning graduate students. Prerequisites: CME 100 or MATH 52 and PHYSICS 41 (or equivalent).
Terms: Win | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Dunham, E. (PI); Ji, Q. (TA)

GEOPHYS 124: Introduction to Planetary Science (EPS 124, ESS 125)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 124) This course provides an introduction to planetary science through the exploration of processes that formed and modified planetary bodies within the Solar System and beyond. Each lecture will be given by an expert in a specific subfield of planetary sciences, with topics ranging from planetary materials and formation, planetary dynamics, planetary structure and tectonics, planetary atmospheres, impact cratering, surface processes, and astrobiology. We will also discuss how scientists investigate planets both near and far through sample analysis, telescopic and orbital remote sensing as well as in situ through robotic instruments. Although there are no prerequisites for this course, it is primarily directed towards undergraduate students who are majoring (or plan to) in the sciences or engineering. A minimum level of mathematics equivalent to high school algebra and introductory calculus will be necessary. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable 3 times (up to 12 units total)

GEOPHYS 130: Introductory Seismology

Introduction to seismology including: elasticity and the wave equation, P, S, and surface waves, dispersion, ray theory, reflection and transmission of seismic waves, seismic imaging, large-scale Earth structure, earthquake location, earthquake statistics and forecasting, magnitude scales, seismic source theory.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

GEOPHYS 183: Reflection Seismology Interpretation (EPS 223, GEOPHYS 223)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 223) The structural and stratigraphic interpretation of seismic reflection data, emphasizing hydrocarbon traps in two and three dimensions on industry data, including workstation-based interpretation. Lectures only, 1 unit. Prerequisite: EPS 222 (Formerly GEOLSCI 222), or consent of instructor. (Geophys 183 must be taken for a minimum of 3 units to be eligible for Ways credit). Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences).
Last offered: Winter 2020 | Units: 1-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

GEOPHYS 184: Journey to the Center of the Earth (EPS 107, EPS 207, GEOPHYS 274)

(Formerly GEOLSCI 107 and 207) The interconnected set of dynamic systems that make up the Earth. Focus is on fundamental geophysical observations of the Earth and the laboratory experiments to understand and interpret them. What earthquakes, volcanoes, gravity, magnetic fields, and rocks reveal about the Earth's formation and evolution. In addition to the Tuesday Thursday class meeting, a one-hour weekly section will be arranged and scheduling will be determined at the start of the quarter. Change of Department Name: Earth and Planetary Science (Formerly Geologic Sciences)
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

GEOPHYS 190: Near-Surface Geophysics: Imaging Groundwater Systems

Introduction to geophysical methods that can be used for imaging and characterizing groundwater systems. Recurring periods of drought and flooding in California have led state and local water agencies to search for ways to capture flood water and use it to recharge (refill) the over-pumped groundwater systems. The course this year will be structured around analyzing a new geophysical data set to identify optimal locations for recharge. The data set: 26,000 kilometers of electromagnetic data, acquired with a helicopter-deployed system, which image the groundwater systems of the Valley to a depth of ~300 m. We will analyze these data to find optimal sites for recharge by mapping out the variation in sediment type and identifying pathways for flow. Pre-requisite: CME 100 or Math 51, or co-registration in either.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

GLOBAL 170: Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna (BIO 185, DLCL 170, EALC 170, EARTHSYS 170)

Under conditions of global environmental change and mass extinction, how will humanity share the planet with wildlife? This course invites undergraduate students to consider this question under the guidance of two biologists and a literary scholar. We will engage with a range of interdisciplinary scholarship on how humans seek to study, understand, exploit, protect, and empathize with charismatic megafauna. We ask how regional differences in culture, political economy, and ecology shape conservation efforts.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER, WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 2A: Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

Introduction to the principles of classical and modern genetics and evolutionary theory. Topics: micro- and macro-evolution, population and molecular genetics including personal genomics and CRISPR. HUMBIO 2A and HUMBIO 2B are designed to be taken concurrently. Periodically there will be lectures that address related content in the two courses. Concurrent enrollment is strongly encouraged and is necessary for majors to meet recommended declaration deadlines. Human Biology majors are required to take the Human Biology Core Courses for a letter grade.
Terms: Aut | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 2B: Culture, Evolution, and Society

Introduction to the past, present, and future of human biological and social structures. Topics include the evolution of hominids and the origins of human diversity, the development of agriculture and the modern state, human population growth and global demographic change, patterns and consequences of inequality, and conclude with a discussion of our place on a rapidly changing planet. HUMBIO2B, with HUMBIO3B and HUMBIO 4B, satisfies the Writing in the Major (WIM) requirement for students in Human Biology. HUMBIO 2A and HUMBIO 2B are designed to be taken concurrently. Lectures in the two courses will address related content from complementary perspectives, so as to enhance understanding. Concurrent enrollment is strongly encouraged and is necessary for majors to meet recommended declaration deadlines. Human Biology majors are required to take the Human Biology Core Courses for a letter grade.
Terms: Aut | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 3A: From Cells to Organisms

Principles of the biology of cells and embryogenesis, emphasizing the development of humans and human tissues, the nature of membranes and organelles, signal transduction in healthy and diseased states (diabetes, cancer), stem cells and immunology. HUMBIO 3A and HUMBIO 3B are designed to be taken concurrently. Periodically there will be lectures that address related content in the two courses. Concurrent enrollment is strongly encouraged and is necessary for majors to meet recommended declaration deadlines. Human Biology majors are required to take the Human Biology Core Courses for a letter grade. Prerequisite: College chemistry (CHEM 31A+B, CHEM 31M or equivalent) or completion of the on-line chemistry video series designed specifically for the HUMBIO Core. More details, including the 15 videos (approximately 10 minutes each) with practice quizzes, will be available on the HUMBIO 2A and HUMBIO 3A Canvas sites.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 4A: The Human Organism

Integrative Physiology: Neurobiology, endocrinology, and organ system function, control, and regulation. HUMBIO 4A and HUMBIO 4B are designed to be taken concurrently. Periodically there will be lectures that address related content in the two courses. Concurrent enrollment is strongly encouraged and is necessary for majors to meet recommended declaration deadlines. Human Biology majors are required to take the Human Biology Core Courses for a letter grade.
Terms: Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 113: The Human-Plant Connection

The intertwined biologies of humans and plants, particularly the ways in which people and plants have imposed selection pressures and ecological change on one another. Topics include evolution and basic plant structure; plant domestication; effects of agriculture on human health and physiology; plants in traditional and contemporary diets; and human influences on plant biology through genetic manipulation and environmental change. Class meetings center on journal articles. Final project includes written and multimedia presentations.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Preston, K. (PI)

HUMBIO 114: Global Change and Emerging Infectious Disease (EARTHSYS 114, EARTHSYS 214, ESS 213)

The changing epidemiological environment. How human-induced environmental changes, such as global warming, deforestation and land-use conversion, urbanization, international commerce, and human migration, are altering the ecology of infectious disease transmission, and promoting their re-emergence as a global public health threat. Case studies of malaria, cholera, hantavirus, plague, and HIV.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Jones, J. (PI)

HUMBIO 130: Human Nutrition (CHPR 130)

The study of food, and the nutrients and substances therein. Their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease. Emphasis is on the biological, chemical, and physiological processes by which humans ingest, digest, absorb, transport, utilize, and excrete food. Dietary composition and individual choices are discussed in relationship to the food supply, and to population and cultural, race, ethnic, religious, and social economic diversity. The relationships between nutrition and disease; ethnic diets; vegetarianism; nutritional deficiencies; nutritional supplementation; phytochemicals. The material in this course is an introduction to the field and the target audience is undergraduates. It may be of interest to graduate students unfamiliar with the field. Graduate students enroll in CHPR 130. Undergrads enroll in HUMBIO 130. CHPR master's students must enroll for a letter grade.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Gardner, C. (PI)

HUMBIO 131: The Science of Human Movement Lab

This course covers the basic principles governing human movement with an emphasis on sports applications. The course spends roughly equal amounts of time on the applied anatomy and biology, meaning both the large and small-scale body structure and function. The applied anatomy portion includes body structure (the muscles and their connections) and mechanics (e.g. forces, torque, momentum and power), which together describe macroscopic movement. The applied biology portion includes the molecular and cellular basis of movement, mainly muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and the mechanisms of exercise damage, cramping, muscle memory, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and fatigue. Prerequisites: Human Biology Core or Biology Foundations or equivalent or consent of instructor.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 133: Human Physiology (BIO 112)

Human physiology will be examined by organ systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal and endocrine. Molecular and cell biology and signaling principles that underlie organ development, pathophysiology and opportunities for regenerative medicine are discussed, as well as integrative control mechanisms and fetal development. Prerequisite: HUMBIO3A or HUMBIO4A or BIO83 or BIO84 orBIO86 or consent of instructor.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 135: Exercise Physiology

Explore the amazing capacity of your body to move and adapt within your everyday world. You will learn: how your body systems respond to the stress of acute exercise and adapt to chronic exercise training, how your cardiovascular system adapts to optimize oxygen delivery and utilization, how your muscles generate force and hypertrophy in response to training, and how your metabolic/biochemical pathways are regulated to support the increased energy demand of exercise. We will discuss theories on the causes of fatigue and muscle soreness, and on what limits human performance. Applied topics such as the effects of aging, gender, and environmental conditions (high altitude, heat, cold, microgravity) on your body will be emphasized in the second half of the course. Portions of the class will be taught through videos that use online lectures and engaging stories to illustrate physiology concepts. Prerequisites: HUMBIO 4A or BIO 84 or consent of instructor.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 139S: Sport and Exercise Medicine

This is an upper division course with a common theme of injury as well as injury prevention in sport and physical activity. The topics include the treatment and evaluation of common sports injuries and illnesses for both musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal/medical conditions. Students will also develop critical reading and thinking skills. Classes will incorporate didactic lectures, critical analysis of sports medicine literature, as well as hand-on labs incorporating current sports medicine injury evaluation tools. Enrollment limited to students with sophomore academic standing or above. Prerequisite: Human Biology Core or Biology Foundations or equivalent or consent of instructor.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 151R: Biology, Health and Big Data

We are living in a time of rapid growth in the accessibility and availability of biological and medical data. How can all this data be used to improve human health? In this course, students will look at case studies from diabetes and cancer research to learn how to access publicly available data ranging from genetic, protein and signaling pathway databases to information about clinical trials. Students will apply what they learn about bioinformatics databases to develop a research proposal and presentation on a biology-related topic of their choice. The class will have an interactive format with in-class data analysis activities. Students will gain skills in research methods including accessing, analyzing and presenting data. Assignments will use the R programming language. Prior programming experience is not required. Prerequisites: HUMBIO 2A and HUMBIO 3A or BIO 82 and BIO 83 or consent of instructor
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Salmeen, A. (PI)

HUMBIO 159: Genes and Environment in Disease Causation: Implications for Medicine and Public Health (EPI 238)

The historical, contemporary, and future research and practice among genetics, epidemiology, clinical medicine, and public health as a source of insight for medicine and public health. Genetic and environmental contributions to multifactorial diseases; multidisciplinary approach to enhancing detection and diagnosis. The impact of the Human Genome Project on analysis of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and cancer. Ethical and social issues in the use of genetic information. This course must be taken for a minimum of 3 units and a letter grade to be eligible for Ways credit. Basic knowledge of genetics and human physiology to better understand chronic diseases and preferably have taken or concurrently in the statistics core. Prerequisites: Human Biology core or Biology Foundations or consent of instructor. Preferably have¿taken the statistics core or concurrently enrolled in it.
Terms: Win | Units: 2-3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

HUMBIO 160: Human Behavioral Biology (BIO 150)

Multidisciplinary. How to approach complex normal and abnormal behaviors through biology. How to integrate disciplines including sociobiology, ethology, neuroscience, and endocrinology to examine behaviors such as aggression, sexual behavior, language use, and mental illness.
Terms: Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Sapolsky, R. (PI)

HUMBIO 161: The Neurobiology of Sleep (BIO 149, BIO 249, PSYC 149, PSYC 261)

The neurochemistry and neurophysiology of changes in brain activity and conscious awareness are associated with changes in the sleep/wake state. Behavioral and neurobiological phenomena include sleep regulation, sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, sleep function, and the molecular biology of sleep. Preference to seniors and graduate students.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

LINGUIST 105: Phonetics (LINGUIST 205A)

Every time you speak a word, you say it differently than the time before. Getting all the movements used during speech production to produce an exact repetition of a word is nearly impossible. Your friends and family also vary in how they say words, and this variation differs across speech styles, emotions, and social communities. Imagine that. Our minds encounter thousands of different productions of a single word, but somehow identify it as one word, and not another. Phonetics is the systematic study of the articulation, acoustics, and perception in speech and can help us explain how different talkers vary their speech, how information from speech is used by listeners to understand one another, and how listeners store social and linguistic information in memory. Through lectures, class activities, and weekly lab assignments, this class highlights both the complexity of the physical nature of speech production, how we can understand the resulting acoustic signal, and how that signal is interpreted and understood by listeners. By the end of this course, you will be able to (1) look at a visual representation of speech and understand what you are looking at; (2) manipulate speech samples to understand how listeners experience language and categorize different speech sounds; (3) understand the processes involved in articulating speech sounds; (4) explain how linguistic segments interact with cues to emotion, gender, and other macro-social attributes; and (5) identify the ways an understanding of speech variation can be used to advance our understanding of spoken language understanding my humans and machines. We will be using the software program Praat (https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/) weekly, beginning the first week of class. Please download the program and have it installed on your computer before class begins.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 81N: Bioengineering Materials to Heal the Body

Preference to freshmen. Real-world examples of materials developed for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. How scientists and engineers design new materials for surgeons to use in replacing body parts such as damaged heart or spinal cord tissue. How cells interact with implanted materials. Students identify a clinically important disease or injury that requires a better material, proposed research approaches to the problem, and debate possible engineering solutions.
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 83N: Great Inventions That Matter

This introductory seminar starts by illuminating on the general aspects of creativity, invention, and patenting in engineering and medicine, and how Stanford University is one of the world's foremost engines of innovation. We then take a deep dive into some great technological inventions which are still playing an essential role in our everyday lives, such as fiber amplifier, digital compass, computer memory, HIV detector, personal genome machine, cancer cell sorting, brain imaging, and mind reading. The stories and underlying materials and technologies behind each invention, including a few examples by Stanford faculty and student inventors, are highlighted and discussed. A special lecture focuses on the public policy on intellectual properties (IP) and the resources at Stanford Office of Technology Licensing (OTL). Each student will have an opportunity to present on a great invention from Stanford (or elsewhere), or to write a (mock) patent disclosure of his/her own ideas.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Wang, S. (PI)

MATSCI 86N: Metalheads of Modern Science

This seminar will explore where we find metals in science and technology today. Starting with the blacksmiths and metallurgists of ancient history, we will introduce the scientific innovations that have enabled today's technology. We will then explore how today's technology uses metals in new and innovative ways - far beyond the metallurgy of old. Students will learn how metals in their bodies can be used for diagnostics and treatments, how metals in geology can show us how planets form, how new metallic tools allow us to 3D print aircraft engines, and more! This will introduce students to the science of metals and explore the career paths that can follow from these technologies.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

MATSCI 90Q: Resilience, Transformation, and Equilibrium: the Science of Materials

In this course, we will explore the fundamentals of the kinetics of materials while relating them to different phenomena that we observe in our everyday lives. We will study the mechanisms and processes by which materials obtain the mechanical, electronic, and other properties that make them so useful to us. How can we cool water below freezing and keep it from turning into ice? Why is it that ice cream that has been in the freezer for too long does not taste as good? What are crystal defects and why do they help create some of the most useful (semiconductors) and beautiful (gemstones) things we have? This introductory seminar is open to all students, and prior exposure to chemistry, physics, or calculus is NOT required.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

MATSCI 127: Investigating Ancient Materials (ANTHRO 180B, ANTHRO 280B, ARCHLGY 180, ARCHLGY 280, MATSCI 227)

If you wish to enroll, please use the linked form to request instructor consent: https://tinyurl.com/AncientMaterials - This course examines how concepts and methods from materials science are applied to the analysis of archaeological artifacts, with a focus on artifacts made from inorganic materials (ceramics and metals). Coverage includes chemical analysis, microscopy, and testing of physical properties, as well as various research applications within anthropological archaeology. Students will learn how to navigate the wide range of available analytical techniques in order to choose methods that are appropriate to the types of artifacts being examined and that are capable of answering the archaeological questions being asked. ----- If you wish to enroll, please use the linked form to request instructor consent: https://tinyurl.com/AncientMaterials For full consideration, this form must be submitted by Monday, September 4th.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Chastain, M. (PI)

MATSCI 142: Quantum Mechanics of Nanoscale Materials

Introduction to quantum mechanics and its application to the properties of materials. No prior background beyond a working knowledge of calculus and high school physics is presumed. Topics include: The Schrodinger equation and applications to understanding of the properties of quantum dots, semiconductor heterostructures, nanowires, and bulk solids. Tunneling processes and applications to nanoscale devices; the scanning tunneling microscope, and quantum cascade lasers. Simple models for the electronic properties and band structure of materials including semiconductors, insulators, and metals, and applications to semiconductor devices. An introduction to quantum computing. Recommended: ENGR 50 or equivalent introductory materials science course. (Formerly 157)
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Lindenberg, A. (PI)

MATSCI 143: Materials Structure and Characterization

This course introduces the theory and application of characterization techniques used to examine the atomic structure of materials. Students will learn to classify the structure of materials such as semiconductors, ceramics, and metals according to the principles of crystallography. Characterization methods commonly used in academic and industrial research, including X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, will be demonstrated along with their application to the analysis of nanostructures. Prerequisites: ENGR 50 or equivalent introductory materials science course.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 144: Thermodynamic Evaluation of Green Energy Technologies

Understand the thermodynamics and efficiency limits of modern green technologies such as carbon dioxide capture from air, fuel cells, batteries, and geothermal power. Recommended: ENGR 50 or equivalent introductory materials science course. (Formerly 154)
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Chueh, W. (PI)

MATSCI 151: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties (MATSCI 251)

Primarily for students without a materials background. Mechanical properties and their dependence on microstructure in a range of engineering materials. Elementary deformation and fracture concepts, strengthening and toughening strategies in metals and ceramics. Topics: dislocation theory, mechanisms of hardening and toughening, fracture, fatigue, and high-temperature creep. Undergraduates register in 151 for 4 units; graduates register for 251 in 3 units.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 152: Electronic Materials Engineering

Materials science and engineering for electronic device applications. Kinetic molecular theory and thermally activated processes; band structure; electrical conductivity of metals and semiconductors; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; elementary p-n junction theory; operating principles of light emitting diodes, solar cells, thermoelectric coolers, and transistors. Semiconductor processing including crystal growth, ion implantation, thin film deposition, etching, lithography, and nanomaterials synthesis.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 158: Soft Matter in Biomedical Devices, Microelectronics, and Everyday Life (BIOE 158)

The relationships between molecular structure, morphology, and the unique physical, chemical, and mechanical behavior of polymers and other types of soft matter are discussed. Topics include methods for preparing synthetic polymers and examination of how enthalpy and entropy determine conformation, solubility, mechanical behavior, microphase separation, crystallinity, glass transitions, elasticity, and linear viscoelasticity. Case studies covering polymers in biomedical devices and microelectronics will be covered. Recommended: ENGR 50 and Chem 31A or equivalent.
Last offered: Winter 2020 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 160: Nanomaterials Design (MATSCI 170)

This course is designed for students interested in exploring the cutting edge of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Students will learn several fundamental concepts related to nanomaterials synthesis and characterization that are commonly used in research and industrial settings, including self-assembly, soft lithography, VLS growth, and nanoparticle size control. In lieu of traditional labs, students will attend weekly discussion sections aimed at priming students to think like materials engineers. Through these discussions, students will explore how to design an effective experiment, how to identify research gaps, and how to write a compelling grant proposal. This course satisfies the Writing in the Major (WIM) requirement. Enrollment is limited to 24. Prerequisites: ENGR 50 or equivalent introductory materials science course. CME 106 or Stats 110 is recommended. Contact the instructor for more information. Undergraduates register for 160 for 4 units, Graduates register for 170 for 3 units.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 161: Energy Materials Laboratory (MATSCI 171)

From early church architectures through modern housing, windows are passages of energy and matter in the forms of light, sound, and air. By letting in heat during the summer and releasing it in the winter, windows can place huge demands on air conditioning and heating systems, thereby increasing energy consumption and raising greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. Latest advances in materials science have enabled precise and on-demand control of electromagnetic radiation through `smart' dynamic windows with photochromic and electrochromic materials that change color and optical density in response to light radiance and electrical potential. In this course, we will spend the whole quarter on a project to make and characterize dynamic windows based on a representative electrochromic material system, the reversible electroplating of metal alloys. There will be an emphasis in this course on characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical spectroscopy, four-point probe measurements of conductivity, and electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry).
Terms: Win | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 162: X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory (MATSCI 172, PHOTON 172)

Experimental x-ray diffraction techniques for microstructural analysis of materials, emphasizing powder and single-crystal techniques. Diffraction from epitaxial and polycrystalline thin films, multilayers, and amorphorous materials using medium and high resolution configurations. Determination of phase purity, crystallinity, relaxation, stress, and texture in the materials. Advanced experimental x-ray diffraction techniques: reciprocal lattice mapping, reflectivity, and grazing incidence diffraction. Enrollment limited to 20. Undergraduates register for 162 for 4 units; graduates register for 172 for 3 units. Prerequisites: MATSCI 143 or equivalent course in materials characterization.
Terms: Win | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

MATSCI 163: Mechanical Behavior Laboratory (MATSCI 173)

This course introduces students to experimental techniques widely used in both industry and academia to characterize the mechanical properties of engineering materials. Students will learn how to perform tensile testing and nanoindentation experiments and how they can be used to study the mechanical behavior of several materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers. Through our laboratory sessions, students will also explore concepts related to materials fabrication and design, data analysis, performance optimization, and experimental decision-making. Enrollment is limited to 20. Prerequisites: ENGR 50 or equivalent introductory materials science course. MATSCI 151 and MATSCI 160 recommended." Undergraduates register for 163 for 4 units, Graduates register for 173 for 3 units.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Yan, H. (PI)

MATSCI 164: Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices Laboratory (MATSCI 174)

Lab course. Current electronic and photonic materials and devices. Device physics and micro-fabrication techniques. Students design, fabricate, and perform physical characterization on the devices they have fabricated. Established techniques and materials such as photolithography, metal evaporation, and Si technology; and novel ones such as soft lithography and organic semiconductors. Prerequisite: MATSCI 152 or 199 or consent of instructor. Undergraduates register in 164 for 4 units; graduates register in 174 for 3 units. Students are required to sign up for lecture and one lab section. Lab section availability will be discussed during week 1.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Hong, G. (PI)

MATSCI 165: Nanoscale Materials Physics Computation Laboratory (MATSCI 175)

Computational exploration of fundamental topics in materials science using Java-based computation and visualization tools. Emphasis is on the atomic-scale origins of macroscopic materials phenomena. Simulation methods include molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo with applications in thermodynamics, kinetics, and topics in statistical mechanics. Undergraduates register for 165 for 4 units; graduates register for 175 for 3 units. Prerequisites: Undergraduate physics and MATSCI 144 or equivalent coursework in thermodynamics. MATSCI 145 recommended.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

MATSCI 190: Organic and Biological Materials (MATSCI 210)

Unique physical and chemical properties of organic materials and their uses. The relationship between structure and physical properties, and techniques to determine chemical structure and molecular ordering. Examples include liquid crystals, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, hydrogels, and biopolymers such as lipids, protein, and DNA. Prerequisite: Thermodynamics and ENGR 50 or equivalent. Undergraduates register for 190 for 4 units; graduates register for 210 for 3 units.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Appel, E. (PI)

MATSCI 199: Electronic and Optical Properties of Solids (MATSCI 209)

The concepts of electronic energy bands and transports applied to metals, semiconductors, and insulators. The behavior of electronic and optical devices including p-n junctions, MOS-capacitors, MOSFETs, optical waveguides, quantum-well lasers, light amplifiers, and metallo-dielectric light guides. Emphasis is on relationships between structure and physical properties. Elementary quantum and statistical mechanics concepts are used. Prerequisite: MATSCI 195/205 or equivalent. Undergraduates register for 199 for 4 units; graduates register for 209 for 3 units.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Brongersma, M. (PI)

ME 30: Engineering Thermodynamics

The basic principles of thermodynamics are introduced in this course. Concepts of energy and entropy from elementary considerations of the microscopic nature of matter are discussed. The principles are applied in thermodynamic analyses directed towards understanding the performances of engineering systems. Methods and problems cover socially responsible economic generation and utilization of energy in central power generation plants, solar systems, refrigeration devices, and automobile, jet and gas-turbine engines.
Terms: Aut, Win, Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

MED 71N: Hormones in a Performance-Enhanced Society

(Formerly 117Q) Preference to first-year students. Explores how the availability of hormone therapy has affected various aspects of daily lives. Topics include the controversies concerning menopause and its treatment; use of hormones in athletics; cosmetic use of hormones to enhance growth, strength, and libido; use of hormones as anti-aging drugs; and how the hormone system has influenced our notions of gender. Includes the biochemistry and physiology of the human endocrine system; how hormones influence behavior, and how to read a scientific paper.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

MED 73N: Scientific Method and Bias

Offers an introduction to the scientific method and common biases in science. Examines theoretical considerations and practical examples where biases have led to erroneous conclusions, as well as scientific practices that can help identify, correct or prevent such biases. Additionally focuses on appropriate methods to interweave inductive and deductive approaches. Topics covered include: Popper¿s falsification and Kuhn¿s paradigm shift, revolution vs. evolution; determinism and uncertainty; probability, hypothesis testing, and Bayesian approaches; agnostic testing and big data; team science; peer review; replication; correlation and causation; bias in design, analysis, reporting and sponsorship of research; bias in the public perception of science, mass media and research; and bias in human history and everyday life. Provides students an understanding of how scientific knowledge has been and will be generated; the causes of bias in experimental design and in analytical approaches; and the interactions between deductive and inductive approaches in the generation of knowledge.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Ioannidis, J. (PI)

MED 103: Human and Planetary Health (PUBLPOL 183, SOC 103, SUSTAIN 103)

Two of the biggest challenges humanity has to face ? promoting human health and halting environmental degradation ? are strongly linked. Gains in health metrics in the last century have coincided with dramatic and unsustainable planetary-level degradation of environmental and ecological systems. Now, climate change, pollution, and other challenges are threatening the health and survival of communities across the globe. In acknowledging complex interconnections between environment and health, this course highlights how we must use an interdisciplinary approach and systems thinking to develop comprehensive solutions. Through a survey of human & planetary health topics that engages guest speakers across Stanford and beyond, students will develop an understanding of interconnected environmental and health challenges, priority areas of action, and channels for impact. Students enrolling in just the lecture should enroll for 3 units. Students enrolling the lecture and weekly discussion sections should enroll for 4 units.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

MED 175B: Biodesign Fundamentals (MED 275B)

MED 175B/275B is an introduction to the Biodesign process for health technology innovation. This team-based course emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration and hands-on learning at the intersection of medicine and technology. Students will work on projects in the space of medical devices, digital health, and healthcare technologies with the assistance of clinical and industry mentors. Applicants from all majors and stages in their education welcome. Students will work in teams to develop solutions to current unmet medical needs, starting with a deep dive into understanding and characterizing important unmet medical needs through disease research, competitive analysis, market research, and stakeholder analysis. Other topics that will be discussed include FDA regulation of medical technology, intellectual property, value proposition, and business model development. Consent required for enrollment, to apply visit: https://forms.gle/YkrhXpBDwjRoK7aQ8?
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Fan, R. (PI); Wall, J. (PI)

MUSIC 158: Musical Acoustics (MUSIC 258D)

The physics and acoustics of music and musical instruments. The basics of sound propagation, reflection, and resonance and how this is perceived as musical sound. The specific acoustical phenomena of wind, string, and percussion instruments as well as the voice. There will be a lecture portion as well as hands-on lab sections with different musical instruments. Music 158 must be taken for 3 units for undergraduates to count for WAYS.
Terms: Win | Units: 2-3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

MUSIC 168: Neuroscience and Psychology of Music: From Practice to Peak Performance

Explore the fascinating intersection of neuroscience, psychology, and music in this course dedicated to peak music performance. Open to musicians of all instruments, this course investigates the science behind effective practice and performance techniques. Learn how to optimize your learning process, address performance anxiety, and enhance your musical skills. Through a collaborative and hands-on approach, students will actively experiment with various strategies and methods, tailored to individual needs. The course fosters a deeper understanding of the principles that underlie musical mastery and nurtures the development of each musician's unique potential. This course must be taken for a minimum of 3 units and a letter grade to be eligible for Way-SMA credit.
Terms: Aut, Win | Units: 1-3 | UG Reqs: WAY-CE, WAY-SMA | Repeatable 15 times (up to 15 units total)

MUSIC 192A: Foundations of Sound-Recording Technology

This course serves as an introduction to the recording facilities and technology at CCRMA. Through lectures and assignments students learn and practice various studio recording techniques. They also become familiarized with home and field recording practices. The course addresses various audio engineering topics: room acoustics, studio operation and maintenance, microphone selection and placement, analog and digital recording, audio editing and mixing, and audio effects processing (equalization, compression, convolution reverb, etc.). Prerequisite: MUSIC 101 or consent of instructor.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

NENS 67N: Intracellular Trafficking and Neurodegeneration

Preference to freshmen. Cell structures and functions, the intracellular trafficking system that maintains exchanges of materials and information inside cells, and clinical features and pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases. Techniques for examining cellular and subcellular structures, especially cytoskeletons; functional insights generated from structural explorations. Prerequisite: high school biology.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Yang, Y. (PI)

OCEANS 6N: Ocean Conservation: Pathways to Solutions

(Formerly BIO 6N) We will learn how to design pathways to solutions by integrating social sciences and governance into our case studies. We will address both conventional (fisheries management, reducing the impacts of global shipping, marine protected areas) and emerging research and management approaches (marine spatial planning, dynamic ocean management, environmental DNA). Oceans are facing long-term challenges, like overfishing and pollution that we know how to solve, and emerging challenges, like climate change and ocean plastics, for which solutions are more elusive. Ultimately to achieve long-term sustainability, solutions have to work for both people and the planet. These puzzles offer challenging complex systems problems that will require our best interdisciplinary thinking to solve.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Crowder, L. (PI)

OCEANS 12N: Sensory Ecology of Marine Animals (BIO 12N)

Animals living in the oceans experience a highly varied range of environmental stimuli. An aquatic lifestyle requires an equally rich range of sensory adaptations, including some that are totally foreign to us. In this course we will examine sensory system in marine animals from both an environmental and behavioral perspective and from the point of view of neuroscience and information systems engineering.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Thompson, S. (PI)

OCEANS 14H: Bio-logging and Bio-telemetry

Bio-logging is a rapidly growing discipline that includes diverse fields such as consumer electronics, medicine, and marine biology. The use of animal-attached digital tags is a powerful approach to study the movement and ecology of individuals over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. This course is an introduction to bio-logging methods and analysis. Using whales as a model system, students will learn how use multi-sensor tags to study behavioral biomechanics. Course taught in-person only at Hopkins Marine Station; for information on how to spend spring quarter in residence: https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/undergraduate-studies/spring-courses-23-24 (Individual course registration also permitted.) Depending on enrollment numbers, a weekly shuttle to Hopkins or mileage reimbursements for qualifying carpools will be provided; terms and conditions apply.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

OCEANS 47H: Introduction to Research in Ecology and Ecological Physiology

This course is a field-based inquiry into rocky intertidal shores at Hopkins Marine Station that introduces students to ecology and environmental physiology and the research methods used to study them. Students will learn how to detect patterns quantitatively in nature through appropriate sampling methods. Following exploration of appropriate background material in class and through exploration of the scientific literature, students will formulate testable hypotheses regarding the underlying causes of the patterns they discern. A variety of different aspects of ecology and physiology will be investigated cooperatively by the students during the quarter, culminating in development of an individual final paper in the form of a research proposal based on data collected during the course. The course will provide a broad conceptual introduction to the underlying biological principles that influence adaptation to dynamic habitats, as well as an inquiry-based experience in how to explore complex systems in nature. This course fulfills the same laboratory requirement as BIO 47. Satisfies WIM in Biology.
| Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

OCEANS 71: Planet Ocean (BIO 71, ESS 71)

Oceans make up the majority of our planet's area and living spaces and are fundamental to biodiversity, climate, food and commerce.This course covers integration of the oceanography and marine biology of diverse ocean habitats such as the deep sea, coral reefs, open ocean, temperate coasts, estuaries and polar seas. Lectures include state of the art knowledge as well as emerging technologies for future exploration. The second section focuses on how the oceans link to the global environment, and how ocean capacity helps determine human sustainability.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OCEANS 81H: Introduction to Ecology (OCEANS 183H)

The course is designed to provide background on key concepts in ecology, familiarize students with key ecological processes and ecosystems, and the methods used in ecological studies. The course will further build students' skills in critical scientific thinking, reading the literature, and scientific communication. A major goal of the course is to train students to ask questions in ecology, and to design, conduct and report studies addressing these questions. Thus, emphasis is also placed, in additional to general ecological concepts, on field observations, experimental design, and the analysis, interpretation and presentation of ecological data (through computer laboratories, written assignments and presentations). Written assignments, presentations and discussions are designed to provide experience in organizing and presenting information and to expose students to multiple perspectives on ecological processes and their applications. This course fulfills the same requirement as BIO 81. Formerly BIOHOPK 81.
| Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OCEANS 152: Marine Chemistry (EARTHSYS 152, EARTHSYS 252, ESS 152, ESS 252, OCEANS 252)

Introduction to the interdisciplinary knowledge and skills required to critically evaluate problems in marine chemistry and related disciplines. Physical, chemical, and biological processes that determine the chemical composition of seawater. Air-sea gas exchange, carbonate chemistry, and chemical equilibria, nutrient and trace element cycling, particle reactivity, sediment chemistry, and diagenesis. Examination of chemical tracers of mixing and circulation and feedbacks of ocean processes on atmospheric chemistry and climate. Designed to be taken concurrently with Biological Oceanography (ESS/EARTHSYS 151/251)
| Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

OCEANS 161H: Between Pacific Tides: Invertebrate Zoology in Monterey Bay (OCEANS 261H)

Invertebrates range in size from microscopic mites to giant squid and are integral to ecosystems and their functioning. More than 97% of all described animal species lack a spine, and this course is an introductory survey of invertebrate diversity with an emphasis on intertidal habitats of Monterey Bay. Students will explore the form, function, evolution, and natural history of the major invertebrate groups through reading, observation, and scientific illustration. **This course takes place at Hopkins Marine Station (HMS)** and consists of a one hour morning lecture (11-11:50) and a three hour afternoon lab (1:30-4:20); both are mandatory. Two field trips will be taken to local intertidal habitats. Depending on enrollment across the courses offered on Fridays at Hopkins, a university shuttle will be made available or carpool mileage reimbursements will be provided. Carpool reimbursement is subject to specific terms and conditions; class lists will be distributed for this purpose. However, if a university shuttle is provided, carpool reimbursements will not be honored. Please note: You must attend the first class to retain your spot in the course; adds will not be accepted after the second class meeting.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

OCEANS 173: Marine Conservation Biology (BIO 173H, BIO 273H, OCEANS 173H, OCEANS 273H)

Class can be taken in person or via Zoom. Introduction to the key concepts of ecology and policy relevant to marine conservation issues at the population to ecosystems level. Focus on the origin and maintenance of biodiversity and conservation applications from both the biology and policy perspectives (for example, endangered species, captive breeding, reserve design, habitat fragmentation, ecosystem restoration/rehabilitation). Also includes emerging approaches such as ecosystem-based management, ocean planning, and coupled social-ecological systems. The course will include lectures, readings and discussions of primary literature, and attendance at seminars with visiting scholars. Prerequisite: introductory biology; suggested: a policy and/or introductory ecology course. Students who want to enroll only in the seminar and discussion course (2 units) should register for OCEANS/BIO 173HA. (Graduate students register for BIO/OCEANS 273H.) For information on how to spend spring quarter in residence: https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/undergraduate-studies/spring-courses-23-24 (Individual course registration also permitted.) Depending on enrollment numbers, a weekly shuttle to Hopkins or mileage reimbursements for qualifying carpools will be provided; terms and conditions apply.
| Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable for credit (up to 99 units total)

OCEANS 173H: Marine Conservation Biology (BIO 173H, BIO 273H, OCEANS 173, OCEANS 273H)

Class can be taken in person or via Zoom. Introduction to the key concepts of ecology and policy relevant to marine conservation issues at the population to ecosystems level. Focus on the origin and maintenance of biodiversity and conservation applications from both the biology and policy perspectives (for example, endangered species, captive breeding, reserve design, habitat fragmentation, ecosystem restoration/rehabilitation). Also includes emerging approaches such as ecosystem-based management, ocean planning, and coupled social-ecological systems. The course will include lectures, readings and discussions of primary literature, and attendance at seminars with visiting scholars. Prerequisite: introductory biology; suggested: a policy and/or introductory ecology course. Students who want to enroll only in the seminar and discussion course (2 units) should register for OCEANS/BIO 173HA. (Graduate students register for BIO/OCEANS 273H.) For information on how to spend spring quarter in residence: https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/undergraduate-studies/spring-courses-23-24 (Individual course registration also permitted.) Depending on enrollment numbers, a weekly shuttle to Hopkins or mileage reimbursements for qualifying carpools will be provided; terms and conditions apply.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA | Repeatable for credit (up to 99 units total)
Instructors: ; Crowder, L. (PI)

OCEANS 182H: Stanford at Sea (BIO 182H, BIO 323H, EARTHSYS 323, ESS 323, OCEANS 323H)

(Graduate students register for 323H.) Five weeks of marine science including oceanography, marine physiology, policy, maritime studies, conservation, and nautical science at Hopkins Marine Station, followed by five weeks at sea aboard a sailing research vessel in the Pacific Ocean. Shore component comprised of three multidisciplinary courses meeting daily and continuing aboard ship. Students develop an independent research project plan while ashore, and carry out the research at sea. In collaboration with the Sea Education Association of Woods Hole, MA. Only 6 units may count towards the Biology major.
Terms: Spr | Units: 16 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

OCEANS 183H: Introduction to Ecology (OCEANS 81H)

The course is designed to provide background on key concepts in ecology, familiarize students with key ecological processes and ecosystems, and the methods used in ecological studies. The course will further build students' skills in critical scientific thinking, reading the literature, and scientific communication. A major goal of the course is to train students to ask questions in ecology, and to design, conduct and report studies addressing these questions. Thus, emphasis is also placed, in additional to general ecological concepts, on field observations, experimental design, and the analysis, interpretation and presentation of ecological data (through computer laboratories, written assignments and presentations). Written assignments, presentations and discussions are designed to provide experience in organizing and presenting information and to expose students to multiple perspectives on ecological processes and their applications. This course fulfills the same requirement as BIO 81. Formerly BIOHOPK 81.
| Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OCEANS 185H: Kelp Forest Ecology (OCEANS 285H)

This is an experiential field course on the ecology of giant kelp forests. Through daily scuba dives, lectures, and labs, students become acquainted with the common invertebrates, fishes, and seaweeds and how their interactions shape the community. The course has three major components: scientific dive training, natural history, and ecology. The first portion of the course is designed to familiarize divers with scientific diving techniques, and to qualify participants to dive under the auspices of Stanford and other AAUS institutions. Students must successfully complete prerequisites, theoretical aspects, practical training, and examinations for a minimum cumulative time of 100 hours and a minimum of 12 open water dives. Topics include dive emergency care training, diver rescue, scientific diving methods and data gathering techniques, navigation, low visibility diving, search and recovery, and diving physics and physiology. The second portion of the course concentrates on how to recognize the common species, how to identify them if you don't know who they are, and to learn where they can be found. Third, once students are familiar with the basic biology of kelp forest inhabitants, we use that as a springboard to discuss population and community processes that affect both obvious and more subtle differences in patterns of distribution and abundance that can be seen in different kelp forests around the Monterey peninsula. We will practice commonly used methods for conducting quantitative surveys of abundance and population structure for a variety of species. The data we collect during the course contribute to on-going time series for the Hopkins Marine Life Observatory, some of which have been going on for nearly three decades. This course will be held in person at Hopkins Marine Station from 15 July to 16 August, 2024. Prerequisite(s): Basic or open water scuba certification, pass scuba physical, pass swim test and scuba skills test. Apply here: https://forms.gle/8UhywRfKFpXzcg9W6(Accepted graduate students will register for OCEANS 285H.)
Terms: Sum | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OSPAUSTL 10: Coral Reef Ecosystems

Key organisms and processes, and the complexity of coral reef ecosystems. Students explore the Great Barrier Reef from the southern end which demonstrates the physical factors that limit coral reefs, to the northern reef systems which demonstrate key aspects of these high biodiversity ecosystems. Human-related changes. Emphasis is on research experiences and development of analytical skills. Two units only counted for the Biology major.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA

OSPBER 40M: An Intro to Making: What is EE

Is a hands-on class where students learn to make stuff. Through the process of building, you are introduced to the basic areas of EE. Students build a "useless box" and learn about circuits, feedback, and programming hardware, a light display for your desk and bike and learn about coding, transforms, and LEDs, a solar charger and an EKG machine and learn about power, noise, feedback, more circuits, and safety. And you get to keep the toys you build. Prerequisite: CS 106A.
Terms: Aut, Win, Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OSPBER 50M: Introductory Science of Materials

Topics include: the relationship between atomic structure and macroscopic properties of man-made and natural materials; mechanical and thermodynamic behavior of surgical implants including alloys, ceramics, and polymers; and materials selection for biotechnology applications such as contact lenses, artificial joints, and cardiovascular stents. No prerequisite.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

OSPBER 67: Human Medical Research: Design and Ethics, a focus on Women's Health

Human treatment has evolved through experimentation. Ideas to influence nature's course to accelerate healing which were initially promulgated through anecdotal accounts are now rigorously tested in scientifically designed studies. In this seminar, we will explore the dual role of the investigator, to translate scientific questions into experiments and to consider the potential moral implications of the experiment. In weekly, two-session seminars, we will use published research studies to explore whether the theoretical constructs underlying the proposal are scientifically grounded and which ethical issues might be involved.
Terms: Win, Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ER, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Casper, R. (PI)

OSPFLOR 50M: Introductory Science of Materials

Topics include: the relationship between atomic structure and macroscopic properties of man-made and natural materials; mechanical and thermodynamic behavior of surgical implants including alloys, ceramics, and polymers; and materials selection for biotechnology applications such as contact lenses, artificial joints, and cardiovascular stents. No prerequisite.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

OSPFLOR 80: Geomaterials of the Human Past and Future

Sustainable development has spurred a growing interest in the intersections of geoscience and engineering, the human past and future. If, on the one hand, Earth's dynamics has set in motion an industrious factory floor for processes and materials, on the other hand, civilizations of all times have selected Earth materials for technology development and progress in manufacturing structural, architectural, and pigmenting materials. This course is intended for sophomores, juniors, and seniors of both STEM and Humanities majors, and has as objective to introduce students to the concept of rocks and geomaterials (i.e., inorganic raw materials derived from the Earth's crust after appropriate processing), the sought properties, and how their use impact sustainability. The course will also highlight two of the most iconic materials from the past that stand for timelessness, the Maya blue and Roman marine concrete, and look at future materials that advance the conversation on building a sustainable future ¿ from decarbonizing concrete to cathode minerals for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OSPKYOTO 33: Ecology of Japanese Satoyama

Satoyama refers to the traditional rural landscapes of Japan, and it is a term that has become widely known internationally in the ecological sustainability literature, highlighting the value of traditional land use for the sustainable management of natural resources. I would introduce to the students, and have them discuss, the scientific basis of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the cultural influence on agriculturall and use,and how the scientific and cultural factors interact to affect the way natural resources are managed.The course would emphasize student-led discussion based on reading of primary and popular literature on the history, current status, societal perception of the value of satoyama for biodiversity and human well-beingin Japan. Student discussion will also compare the satoyama concept to similar ones developed in othercountriesin Asia, Europe, and North America.
Last offered: Spring 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OSPMADRD 10: Global Change in the Antropocene: An Iberoamerican Perspective

The human enterprise has increasingly configured a set of planetary environmental conditions that challenge the medium- and long-term permanence of Earth's life-supporting systems as we know them. We now understand that the magnitude of such an anthropogenic impact is creating a distinct set of bio-geo-physical parameters that the Nobel Award-winning Paul Crutzen has suggested that the planet has entered into a new geological epoch that should be named the Anthropocene. This notion has penetrated not only into the thinking of the scientific community, but beyond - including the humanities. An appreciation of the global environmental changes associated with the Anthropocene represents a contemporary topic that deserves attention and discussion by society at large.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OSPMADRD 27: Canarian Night Skies

Exploration of night skies in Spain's Canary Islands as well as those seen from California. Science for non-majors. Constellations, Solar System, Galactic and Extragalactic objects. Unique characteristics of the Canary Islands as astronomical reserve studied prior to field trip to the Canary Islands. Comparison of naked-eye Canarian and Californian night skies. Study and exploration of relevant astronomical instrumentation as well as representative celestial objects. Astrophotography-related activities. Enrollment is limited. **Please email Claudia Elizabeth Sanchez Solis for inquiries on permission numbers for this course at: cesanchez@stanford.edu. Enrollment is Limited.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OSPMADRD 70: Computational Biology: Structure of Biomolecules

All life depends on molecular machines, such as proteins, which carry out a huge variety of tasks within the cell. Much like the larger machines we encounter in our day-to-day lives, these miniature machines work because each has a three-dimensional structure and moving parts specialized to its particular function. Computation plays an increasingly crucial role in revealing the structures and motions of biomolecules, and in using that information to discover drugs, improve medical treatment, and engineer new biomolecules for use in food and energy production. Important computational approaches in this field range from physical simulation to machine learning. This course offers a gentle introduction to these computational methods and their practical applications.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

OSPOXFRD 30A: The History and Science of Vaccine Technology

This course is inspired by the ongoing pandemic and the interplay between the complex science of vaccine and drug development, science communication, and public policy. We will discuss the history of vaccines and pandemics/epidemics, the science and engineering of vaccine and therapeutic technologies, the regulatory process for development of novel vaccines and therapeutics, public policy related to medical and non-medical interventions. We will also touch on biotechnology entrepreneurship covering invention, business models, and business partnerships (e.g., BioNTech/Pfizer and Oxford/AstraZeneca). In addition to the infectious disease focus, we will briefly cover how core discoveries in immunology have led to critical advancements in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune disorders. Throughout the course we will discuss how interdisciplinary collaboration is critical in the effective and equitable translation of scientific advancements. The course will be composed of discussions, guest lectures, and field trips integrating the unique local resources. Assignments will include readings, class presentations, individual research projects, and writings.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Appel, E. (PI)

OSPOXFRD 44: Molecular Genetics Ethics and Practice

The generation of transgenic animals - including worms, fruit flies, mice, sheep, or humans - is celebrated cornerstone of modern biological research, and has revolutionized medicine. This course focuses on teaching the scientific principles enabling animal transgenesis, including genetics, molecular and cell biology and animal husbandry, through directed reading - including primary scientific papers discussed in tutorials - and through lively in-class presentations and discussion. Instructor: Alberto Baena-Lopez. These activities will prepare students for hands-on activities in student-directed independent research projects in the latter half of the course, and enable students to produce and characterize transgenic fruit flies. The course will emphasize the ground-breaking contributions of scientists in the U.K., including those trained or currently at Oxford, to the principles and practice of animal genetics. These contributions will be highlighted through field trips to the Oxford Natural History Museum and British Natural History Museum. We will also discuss important ethical issues raised by transgenesis in animals, and recent controversial examples in humans. This course has no prerequisites.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; SHANMUGAM SENGA, S. (PI)

OSPPARIS 40M: An Intro to Making: What is EE

Is a hands-on class where students learn to make stuff. Through the process of building, you are introduced to the basic areas of EE. Students build a "useless box" and learn about circuits, feedback, and programming hardware, a light display for your desk and bike and learn about coding, transforms, and LEDs, a solar charger and an EKG machine and learn about power, noise, feedback, more circuits, and safety. And you get to keep the toys you build. Prerequisite: CS 106A.
Last offered: Spring 2021 | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OSPPARIS 50M: Introductory Science of Materials

Topics include: the relationship between atomic structure and macroscopic properties of man-made and natural materials; mechanical and thermodynamic behavior of surgical implants including alloys, ceramics, and polymers; and materials selection for biotechnology applications such as contact lenses, artificial joints, and cardiovascular stents. No prerequisite.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

OSPPARIS 53: Electricity, Magnetism and Optics with Laboratory

How are electric and magnetic fields generated by static and moving charges, and what are their applications? How is light related to electromagnetic waves? Represent and analyze electric and magnetic fields to understand electric circuits, motors, and generators. Wave nature of light to explain interference, diffraction, and polarization phenomena; geometric optics to understand how lenses and mirrors form images. Workings and limitations of optical systems such as the eye, corrective vision, cameras, telescopes, and microscopes. Discussions based on the language of algebra and trigonometry. An integrated version of Physics 23 and 24, targeted to premedical students who are studying abroad with integrated labs. Prerequisite: PHYSICS 21 or 21S. This course meets the STEM track requirement for the Paris Program during Winter Quarter 2019-2020.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

OSPPARIS 88P: Our Genomes - Vive la Difference!

The human genome carries the instructions for normal human development and reproduction. But it also carries predispositions to disease, and clues to our evolution, ancestry, and identity. The genome may also be pliable to environmental influences and genetic engineering. Through directed readings, activities and Paris field trips, students will learn about the human genome and applications of genome science and technology across diverse disciplines including medicine, comparative and evolutionary biology, paternity testing and forensics. A particular emphasis will be France's contributions to genome science, and uniquely French perspectives on the ethical, legal, and societal implications. The broad goal is to become informed and engaged about genome science and its impact on both the individual and society.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Pollack, J. (PI)

OSPSANTG 58: Global Change in Chile

Physical, ecological, and human geography of Chile. Perceptions of the Chilean territory and technologies of study. Flora, fauna, and human adaptations to regional environments. Guest lectures; field trips; workshops.
Terms: Aut, Spr, Sum | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-EngrAppSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Reid, S. (PI); Jaksic, I. (GP)

OSPSANTG 85: Marine Ecology of Chile and the South Pacific

Relationships among physical processes in the ocean, biological productivity, and the exploitation of resources by high-thropic-level predators including human beings. Characterization of ecological patterns; identification of processes operating on marine systems. Open ocean ecosystems, intertidal and benthic regions of the world's oceans, and ecological research developed along coastal regions, focusing on Chile's 4,000 km coastline.
Last offered: Autumn 2021 | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PATH 21N: The Living Genome: Implications for Biology and Beyond

IntroSem with Freshmen preference. The human genome carries the instructions for normal human development and reproduction. But it also carries predispositions to disease and clues to our evolution, ancestry, and identity. The genome may also be pliable to environmental influences and genetic engineering. Through directed readings, discussion, and activities, students will learn about the human genome and applications of genome science and technology across diverse disciplines including medicine, comparative biology, evolutionary biology, paternity testing, and forensics. The broad goal is to become informed and engaged about genome science and its implications for both the individual and society. Prerequisites: High School Biology
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

PHIL 165: Philosophy of Physics: Philosophical Issues in Quantum Mechanics (PHIL 265)

Graduate students register for 265.PREREQUISITES: previous course in philosophy of science or natural science or CS or engineering. Topic for 2023-2024: Philosophical Issues in Quantum Mechanics.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II, WAY-SMA | Repeatable for credit

PHYSICS 13N: A Taste of Quantum Physics (APPPHYS 13N)

What is quantum physics and what makes it so weird? We'll introduce key aspects of quantum physics with an aim to explain why it differs from everyday 'classical' physics. Quantum-enabled devices like the laser and atomic clocks for GPS will be explained. We will also discuss the breakthroughs driving the 2nd quantum technology revolution surrounding quantum simulators, sensors, and computers. Seminar discussions and a laser lab will help illustrate core principles, including the atomic clock mechanism. Visits to campus laboratories will introduce cutting-edge quantum experiments. This IntroSem is designed for those likely to go on to major in the humanities or in a STEM program outside of the natural sciences. (Likely STEM majors are instead encouraged to take 100-level quantum courses upon completion of pre-requirements.) While basic familiarity with high school physics is recommended, qualitative explanations will be emphasized. By the end of the quarter, you will be able to explain the key tenets of quantum physics, how it has enabled current technology, and what new technologies might emerge from the 2nd quantum revolution.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Lev, B. (PI)

PHYSICS 14N: Quantum Information: Visions and Emerging Technologies

What sets quantum information apart from its classical counterpart is that it can be encoded non-locally, woven into correlations among multiple qubits in a phenomenon known as entanglement. We will discuss paradigms for harnessing entanglement to solve hitherto intractable computational problems or to push the precision of sensors to their fundamental quantum mechanical limits. We will also examine challenges that physicists and engineers are tackling in the laboratory today to enable the quantum technologies of the future.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-FR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Manoharan, H. (PI)

PHYSICS 15: Stars and Planets in a Habitable Universe

How do stars form from the gas in galaxies? How do stars and galaxies evolve, and how can these processes give rise to planets and the conditions suitable for life? How do we, from our little corner of the cosmos, collect and decipher information about the Universe? This course covers the solar system and celestial motions, the life cycle of stars, the structure of our Milky Way galaxy, and the discovery of exoplanets: planets orbiting stars beyond our Sun. Intended to be accessible to non-science majors, the material is explored quantitatively with problem sets using basic algebra and numerical estimates. Sky observing and observatory field trips supplement the coursework.
Terms: Aut, Sum | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Clark, S. (PI)

PHYSICS 16: The Origin and Development of the Cosmos

How did the present Universe come to be? The last few decades have seen remarkable progress in understanding this age-old question. Course will cover the history of the Universe from its earliest moments to the present day, and the physical laws that govern its evolution. The early Universe including inflation and the creation of matter and the elements. Recent discoveries in our understanding of the makeup of the cosmos, including dark matter and dark energy. Evolution of galaxies, clusters, and quasars, and the Universe as a whole. Implications of dark matter and dark energy for the future evolution of the cosmos. Intended to be accessible to non-science majors, material is explored quantitatively with problem sets using basic algebra and numerical estimates.
Terms: Spr, Sum | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Romani, R. (PI)

PHYSICS 17: Black Holes and Extreme Astrophysics

Black holes represent an extreme frontier of astrophysics. Course will explore the most fundamental and universal force -- gravity -- and how it controls the fate of astrophysical objects, leading in some cases to black holes. How we discover and determine the properties of black holes and their environment. How black holes and their event horizons are used to guide thinking about mysterious phenomena such as Hawking radiation, wormholes, and quantum entanglement. How black holes generate gravitational waves and powerful jets of particles and radiation. Other extreme objects such as pulsars. Relevant physics, including relativity, is introduced and treated at the algebraic level. No prior physics or calculus is required, although some deep thinking about space, time, and matter is important in working through assigned problems.
Last offered: Autumn 2020 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 18N: Frontiers in Theoretical Physics and Cosmology

Preference to freshmen. The course will begin with a description of the current standard models of gravitation, cosmology, and elementary particle physics. We will then focus on frontiers of current understanding including investigations of very early universe cosmology, string theory, and the physics of black holes.
Last offered: Winter 2020 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 21: Mechanics and Fluids

How are the motions of solids and liquids determined by the laws of physics? Students learn to describe the motion of objects (kinematics) and understand why objects move as they do (dynamics). Emphasis on applying Newton's laws to solids and liquids to describe diverse phenomena. Everyday examples are analyzed using tools of algebra and trigonometry. Problem-solving skills are developed, including verifying that derived results satisfy criteria for correctness, such as dimensional consistency and expected behavior in limiting cases. Physical understanding fostered by peer interaction and interactive group problem solving. Prerequisite: high school algebra and trigonometry; calculus not required.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 21S: Mechanics and Heat

How are the motions of objects and the behavior of fluids and gases determined by the laws of physics? Students learn to describe the motion of objects (kinematics) and understand why objects move as they do (dynamics). Emphasis on how Newton's three laws of motion are applied to solids, liquids, and gases to describe phenomena as diverse as spinning gymnasts, blood flow, and sound waves. Understanding many-particle systems requires connecting macroscopic properties (e.g., temperature and pressure) to microscopic dynamics (collisions of particles). Laws of thermodynamics provide understanding of real-world phenomena such as energy conversion and performance limits of heat engines. Everyday examples are analyzed using tools of algebra and trigonometry. Problem-solving skills are developed, including verifying that derived results satisfy criteria for correctness, such as dimensional consistency and expected behavior in limiting cases. Physical understanding fostered by peer interaction and demonstrations in lecture, and interactive group problem solving in discussion sections. Prerequisite: high school algebra and trigonometry; calculus not required.
| Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 23: Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

How are electric and magnetic fields generated by static and moving charges, and what are their applications? How is light related to electromagnetic waves? Students learn to represent and analyze electric and magnetic fields to understand electric circuits, motors, and generators. The wave nature of light is used to explain interference, diffraction, and polarization phenomena. Geometric optics is employed to understand how lenses and mirrors form images. These descriptions are combined to understand the workings and limitations of optical systems such as the eye, corrective vision, cameras, telescopes, and microscopes. Discussions based on the language of algebra and trigonometry. Physical understanding fostered by peer interaction and demonstrations in lecture, and interactive group problem solving in discussion sections. Prerequisite: PHYSICS 21 or PHYSICS 21S.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Schleier-Smith, M. (PI)

PHYSICS 23S: Electricity and Optics

How are electric and magnetic fields generated by static and moving charges, and what are their applications? How is light related to electromagnetic waves? Students learn to represent and analyze electric and magnetic fields to understand electric circuits, motors, and generators. The wave nature of light is used to explain interference, diffraction, and polarization phenomena. Geometric optics is employed to understand how lenses and mirrors form images. These descriptions are combined to understand the workings and limitations of optical systems such as the eye, corrective vision, cameras, telescopes, and microscopes. Discussions based on the language of algebra and trigonometry. Physical understanding fostered by peer interaction and demonstrations in lecture, and interactive group problem solving in discussion sections. Prerequisite: PHYSICS 21 or PHYSICS 21S.
| Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 25: Modern Physics

How do the discoveries since the dawn of the 20th century impact our understanding of 21st-century physics? This course introduces the foundations of modern physics: Einstein's theory of special relativity and quantum mechanics. Combining the language of physics with tools from algebra and trigonometry, students gain insights into how the universe works on both the smallest and largest scales. Topics may include atomic, molecular, and laser physics; semiconductors; elementary particles and the fundamental forces; nuclear physics (fission, fusion, and radioactivity); astrophysics and cosmology (the contents and evolution of the universe). Emphasis on applications of modern physics in everyday life, progress made in our understanding of the universe, and open questions that are the subject of active research. Physical understanding fostered by peer interaction and demonstrations in lecture, and interactive group problem solving in discussion sections. Prerequisite: PHYSICS 23 or PHYSICS 23S.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Irwin, K. (PI)

PHYSICS 41: Mechanics

How are motions of objects in the physical world determined by the laws of physics? Students learn to describe the motion of objects (kinematics) and then understand why motions have the form they do (dynamics). Emphasis on how the important physical principles in mechanics, such as conservation of momentum and energy for translational and rotational motion, follow from just three laws of nature: Newton's laws of motion. The distinction made between fundamental laws of nature and empirical rules that are useful approximations for more complex physics. Problems are drawn from examples of mechanics in everyday life. Skills developed in verifying that derived results satisfy criteria for correctness, such as dimensional consistency and expected behavior in limiting cases. Discussions based on the language of mathematics, particularly vector representations and operations, and calculus. Physical understanding is fostered by peer interaction and demonstrations in lecture, and discussion sections based on interactive group problem-solving. Please enroll in a section that you can attend regularly. In order to register for this class students who have never taken an introductory Physics course at Stanford must complete the Physics Placement Diagnostic at https://physics.stanford.edu/academics/undergraduate-students/placement-diagnostic. Students who complete the Physics Placement Diagnostic by 3 PM (Pacific) on Friday will have their hold lifted over the weekend. Prerequisites: Physics placement diagnostic AND Math 20 or higherCorequisites: Completion of OR co-enrollment of Math 21 or higher. Since high school math classes vary widely, it is recommended that you take at least one math class at Stanford before or concurrently with Physics 41. In addition, it is recommended that you take Math 51 or CME 100 before taking the next course in the Physics 40 series, Physics 43.
Terms: Aut, Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 41E: Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

Physics 41E (Physics 41 Extended) is a 5-unit version of Physics 41 (4 units) for students with little or no high school physics. Course topics and mathematical complexity are similar, but not identical to Physics 41. There is an additional class meeting every week, and attendance at all class sessions is mandatory. The extra classroom time and corresponding extra study time outside of class allows students to engage with concepts and become fluent in mathematical tools that include vector representations and operations, and relevant calculus. There is a strong emphasis on developing problem-solving skills, particularly as applied to real world examples, to leave students prepared for subsequent engineering, physics, or related courses they may take. The course will explore important physical principles in mechanics including: using Newton's Laws and torque to analyze static structures and forces; understanding the equations of kinematics; and utilizing energy in its many forms and applications. Prerequisites: Physics placement diagnostic AND Math 20 or higher. Corequisites: Completion of OR co-enrollment of Math 21 or higher. Since high school math classes vary widely, it is recommended that you take at least one math class at Stanford before or concurrently with Physics 41. In addition, it is recommended that you take Math 51 or CME 100 before taking the next course in the Physics 40 series, Physics 43. Priority will be given to students who have had little physics background.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 43: Electricity and Magnetism

What is electricity? What is magnetism? How are they related? How do these phenomena manifest themselves in the physical world? The theory of electricity and magnetism, as codified by Maxwell's equations, underlies much of the observable universe. Students develop both conceptual and quantitative knowledge of this theory. Topics include: electrostatics; magnetostatics; simple AC and DC circuits involving capacitors, inductors, and resistors; integral form of Maxwell's equations; electromagnetic waves. Principles illustrated in the context of modern technologies. Broader scientific questions addressed include: How do physical theories evolve? What is the interplay between basic physical theories and associated technologies? Discussions based on the language of mathematics, particularly differential and integral calculus, and vectors. Physical understanding fostered by peer interaction and demonstrations in lecture, and discussion sections based on interactive group problem solving. Prerequisite: PHYSICS 41, 41E or equivalent. MATH 21 or MATH 51 or CME 100 or equivalent. Recommended corequisite: MATH 52 or CME 102. Please make sure your AP scores are uploaded before enrollment opens.
Terms: Win, Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 45: Light and Heat

What is temperature? How do the elementary processes of mechanics, which are intrinsically reversible, result in phenomena that are clearly irreversible when applied to a very large number of particles, the ultimate example being life? In thermodynamics, students discover that the approach of classical mechanics is not sufficient to deal with the extremely large number of particles present in a macroscopic amount of gas. The paradigm of thermodynamics leads to a deeper understanding of real-world phenomena such as energy conversion and the performance limits of thermal engines. In optics, students see how a geometrical approach allows the design of optical systems based on reflection and refraction, while the wave nature of light leads to interference phenomena. The two approaches come together in understanding the diffraction limit of microscopes and telescopes. Discussions based on the language of mathematics, particularly calculus. Physical understanding fostered by peer interaction and demonstrations in lecture, and discussion sections based on interactive group problem solving. In order to register for this class students must EITHER have already taken an introductory Physics class (20, 40, or 60 sequence) or have taken the Physics Placement Diagnostic at https://physics.stanford.edu/academics/undergraduate-students/placement-diagnostic. Prerequisite: PHYSICS 41 or equivalent. MATH 21 or MATH 51 or CME 100 or equivalent.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Hayden, P. (PI)

PHYSICS 50: Astronomy Laboratory and Observational Astronomy

Introduction to observational astronomy emphasizing the use of optical telescopes. Observations of stars, nebulae, and galaxies in laboratory sessions with telescopes at the Stanford Student Observatory. Meets at the observatory one evening per week from dusk until well after dark, in addition to day-time lectures each week. No previous physics required. Limited enrollment.
Last offered: Summer 2019 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 61: Mechanics and Special Relativity

(First in a three-part series: PHYSICS 61, PHYSICS 71, PHYSICS 81.) This course covers Einstein's special theory of relativity and Newtonian mechanics at a level appropriate for students with a strong high school mathematics and physics background, who are contemplating a major in Physics or Engineering Physics or are interested in a rigorous treatment of physics. Postulates of special relativity, simultaneity, time dilation, length contraction, the Lorentz transformation, the space-time invariant, causality, relativistic momentum and energy, and invariant mass. Central forces, friction, contact forces, linear restoring forces. Momentum, work, energy, collisions. Angular momentum, torque, center of mass, moment of inertia, precession. Conserved quantities. Uses the language of vectors and multivariable calculus. Requirements to enroll in the course: Completion of Physics Placement Diagnostic and/or completion of at least one course in PHYSICS 20 or 40 series. Completion of or co-enrollment in MATH 51 or MATH 61CM or MATH 61DM. Prerequisites: mechanics at the level of PHYSICS 41 or score of 5 on AP Physics C Mechanics or equivalent; calculus at the level of MATH 21 or score of 5 on AP Calculus BC or equivalent.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 70: Foundations of Modern Physics

Required for Physics or Engineering Physics majors who completed the PHYSICS 40 series. Introduction to special relativity: reference frames, Michelson-Morley experiment. Postulates of relativity, simultaneity, time dilation. Length contraction, the Lorentz transformation, causality. Doppler effect. Relativistic mechanics and mass, energy, momentum relations. Introduction to quantum physics: atoms, electrons, nuclei. Quantization of light, Planck constant. Photoelectric effect, Compton and Bragg scattering. Bohr model, atomic spectra. Matter waves, wave packets, interference. Fourier analysis and transforms, Heisenberg uncertainty relationships. Schrödinger equation, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. Particle-in-a-box, simple harmonic oscillator, barrier penetration, tunneling, WKB, and approximate solutions. Time-dependent and multi-dimensional solution concepts. Coulomb potential and hydrogen atom structure. Prerequisites: PHYSICS 41, PHYSICS 43. Pre or corequisite: PHYSICS 45. Recommended: prior or concurrent registration in MATH 53. Physics 70 will no longer be offered after Autumn 2022.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 71: Quantum and Thermal Physics

(Second in a three-part series: PHYSICS 61, PHYSICS 71, PHYSICS 81.) This course introduces the foundations of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics to students with a strong high school mathematics and physics background, who are contemplating a major in Physics or Engineering Physics or are interested in a rigorous treatment of physics. Topics related to quantum mechanics include atoms, electrons, and nuclei. Experimental evidence for physics that is not explained by classical mechanics and E&M. Quantization of light, Planck's constant. Photoelectric effect, Compton and Bragg scattering. Bohr model, atomic spectra. Matter waves, wave packets, interference. Fourier analysis and transforms Heisenberg uncertainty relationships. Particle-in-a-box, simple harmonic oscillator, barrier penetration, tunneling. Topics related to thermodynamics: limitations of classical mechanics in describing systems with a very large number of particles. Ideal gas, equipartition, heat capacity, the definition of temperature, entropy. A brief introduction to kinetic theory and statistical mechanics. Maxwell speed distribution, ideal gas in a box. Laws of thermodynamics. Cycles, heat engines, free energy. Prerequisites: Physics 61 and (Math 51 or Math 61CM). Corequisite: Physics 43 or equivalent (e.g. AP Physics C E&M), MATH 52 or 62CM. This course was offered as PHYSICS 65 prior to Academic Year 2022-2023.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Manoharan, H. (PI)

PHYSICS 81: Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus

(Third in a three-part series: PHYSICS 61, PHYSICS 71, PHYSICS 81.) This course recasts the foundations of electricity and magnetism in a way that will surprise, delight, and challenge students who have already encountered the subject at a college or AP level. Suitable for students contemplating a major in Physics or Engineering Physics, those interested in a rigorous treatment of physics as a foundation for other disciplines, or those curious about powerful concepts like transformations, symmetry, and conservation laws. Electrostatics and Gauss' law. Electric potential, electric field, conductors, image charges. Electric currents, DC circuits. Moving charges, magnetic field as a consequence of special relativity applied to electrostatics, Ampere's law. Solenoids, transformers, induction, AC circuits, resonance. Displacement current, Maxwell's equations. Electromagnetic waves. Throughout, we'll see the objects and theorems of vector calculus become manifest in charges, currents, and electromagnetic fields. Prerequisite: A score of 5 on the AP Physics C E&M exam or Physics 43; Physics 61; and Math 52 or Math 62CM. Recommended prerequisite: Physics 71. Corequisite: Math 53 or Math 63CM. This course was offered as PHYSICS 63 prior to Academic Year 2022-2023.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Blakemore, C. (PI)

PHYSICS 83N: Physics in the 21st Century

Preference to freshmen. This course provides an in-depth examination of frontiers of physics research, including fundamental physics, cosmology, and physics of the future. Questions such as: What is the universe made of? What is the nature of space, time, and matter? What can we learn about the history of the universe and what does it tell us about its future? A large part of 20th century was defined by revolutions in physics - everyday applications of electromagnetism, relativity, and quantum mechanics. What other revolutions can physics bring to human civilization in the 21st century? What is quantum computing? What can physics say about consciousness? What does it take to visit other parts of the solar system, or even other stars? nWe will also learn to convey these complex topics in engaging and diverse terms to the general public through writing and reading assignments, oral presentations, and multimedia projects. No prior knowledge of physics is necessary; all voices are welcome to contribute to the discussion about these big ideas. Learning Goals: By the end of the quarter you will be able to explain the major questions that drive physics research to your friends and peers. You will understand how scientists study the impossibly small and impossibly large and be able to convey this knowledge in clear and concise terms.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Dimopoulos, S. (PI)

PHYSICS 96N: Harmony and the Universe

Harmony is a multifaceted concept that has profoundly connects music, mathematics, physics, philosophy, physiology, and psychology. We will explore the evolution of our understanding of harmony and its immediate application in the function of musical instruments, and employ it as a nexus to understand its role in revolutionary scientific advances in gravity, relativity, quantum mechanics, and cosmology. In these explorations, we will examine some of the fundamental mathematical tools which provide us our current understanding of harmony. We will also see how the some concepts surrounding harmony are in tension, if not conflict, and how some great thinkers have followed them down down blind alleys and dead ends. The aim of the course is to show the enormous consequences of harmony in the evolution of our understanding of the universe, and how science itself progresses in fits, starts, and setbacks as old ideas intermingle with new developments. We will also see how objective/quantitative aspects of harmony interact with subjective/qualitative considerations, and how cultural perspectives and prejudices can affect the progression of science.
Last offered: Summer 2021 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 100: Introduction to Observational Astrophysics

Designed for undergraduate physics majors but is open to all students with a calculus-based physics background and some laboratory and coding experience. Students make and analyze observations using the telescopes at the Stanford Student Observatory. Topics covered include navigating the night sky, the physics of stars and galaxies, telescope instrumentation and operation, imaging techniques, quantitative error analysis, and effective scientific communication. The course concludes with an independent project where student teams propose and execute an observational astronomy project of their choosing, using techniques learned in class to gather and analyze their data, and presenting their findings in the forms of professional-style oral presentations and research papers. Suggested preparation: Physics 89L. Enrollment by permission. Due to physical limitations at the observatory, this class has a firm enrollment cap. We may not be able to accommodate all requests to enroll. Before permission numbers are given students must complete this form: https://forms.gle/KDarBRcZWJZG3qr66.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Allen, S. (PI)

PHYSICS 104: Electronics and Introduction to Experimental Methods

Introductory laboratory electronics, intended for Physics and Engineering Physics majors but open to all students with science or engineering interests in analog circuits, instrumentation, and signal processing. The first part of the course is focused on hands-on exercises that build skills needed for measurements, including input/output impedance concepts, filters, amplifiers, sensors, and fundamentals of noise in physical systems. Lab exercises include DC circuits, RC and diode circuits, applications of operational amplifiers, optoelectronics, synchronous detection, and noise in measurements. The second portion of the class is an instrumentation design project, where essential instrumentation for a practical lab measurement is designed, constructed, and applied for an experiment. Example measurements can include temperature measurement in a cryostat, resistivity measurement of a superconducting material, measurement of the 2-D position of an optical beam, development of a high impedance ion probe and clamp for neuroscience, or other projects of personal interest. The course focuses on practical techniques and insight from the lab exercises, with the goal of preparing undergraduates for laboratory research. No formal electronics experience is required beyond exposure to concepts from introductory Physics or Engineering courses (Ohm's law, charge conservation, physics of capacitors and inductors, etc.). Students who have previously taken Physics 105 should not enroll in this course due to significant overlap. Recommended prerequisite: (Physics 43 and 44) OR (Physics 81 (formerly Physics 63) and 89L (formerly Physics 67), OR (Engineering 40A or 40M).
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Fox, J. (PI)

PHYSICS 105: Intermediate Physics Laboratory I: Analog Electronics

Introductory laboratory electronics, designed for Physics and Engineering Physics majors but open to all students with science or engineering interests in analog circuits, instrumentation and signal processing. The course is focused on laboratory exercises that build skills needed for measurements, including sensors, amplification and filtering, and fundamentals of noise in physical systems. The hands-on lab exercises include DC circuits, RC and diode circuits, applications of operational amplifiers, non-linear circuits and optoelectronics. The class exercises build towards a lock-in amplifier contest where each lab section designs and builds a synchronous detection system to measure a weak optical signal, with opportunities to understand the limits of the design, build improvements and compare results with the other lab sections. The course focuses on practical techniques and insight from the lab exercises, with a goal to prepare undergraduates for laboratory research. No formal electronics experience is required beyond exposure to concepts from introductory Physics or Engineering courses (Ohm's law, charge conservation, physics of capacitors and inductors, etc.). Now offered as PHYSICS 104. Recommended prerequisite: Physics 43 or 63, or Engineering 40A or 40M.
Last offered: Autumn 2019 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 107: Intermediate Physics Laboratory II: Experimental Techniques and Data Analysis

Experiments on lasers, Gaussian optics, and atom-light interaction, with emphasis on data and error analysis techniques. Students describe a subset of experiments in scientific paper format. Prerequisites: completion of PHYSICS 40 or PHYSICS 60 series, and PHYSICS 70 and PHYSICS 105. Recommended pre- or corequisites: PHYSICS 120 and 130. WIM
Last offered: Winter 2020 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 108: Advanced Physics Laboratory: Project

Have you ever wanted to dream up a research question, then design, execute, and analyze an experiment to address it, together with a small group of your fellow students? This is an accelerated, guided experimental research experience, resembling real frontier research. Phenomena that have been studied include the magnetization of ferromagnets, the quantum hall effect in graphene, interference in superconducting circuits, loss in nanomechanical resonators, and superfluidity in helium. But most projects pursued (drawn from condensed matter and recently also particle physics) have never been done in the class before. Our equipment and apparatus for Physics 108 are very flexible, and not standardized like in most other lab classes. We provide substantial resources to help your team. Often, with instructors' help, students obtain unique samples from Stanford research groups. Prerequisite: PHYSICS 104, or other experience in electronics. Suggested but less critical: Physics 130 (many phenomena you might study build on quantum mechanics) and Physics 106 (experience with data analysis and useful measurement tools: lock-in amplifier, spectrum analyzer.) We recommend taking this class in junior year if possible, as it can inform post-graduation decisions and can empower the professor to write a powerful letter of recommendation.
Terms: Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: WAY-AQR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Goldhaber-Gordon, D. (PI)

PHYSICS 110: Advanced Mechanics (PHYSICS 210)

Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. Principle of least action, Euler-Lagrange equations. Small oscillations and beyond. Symmetries, canonical transformations, Hamilton-Jacobi theory, action-angle variables. Introduction to classical field theory. Selected other topics, including nonlinear dynamical systems, attractors, chaotic motion. Undergraduates register for Physics 110 (4 units). Graduates register for Physics 210 (3 units). Prerequisites: MATH 131P or PHYSICS 111. Recommended prerequisite: PHYSICS 130.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 120: Intermediate Electricity and Magnetism I

Vector analysis. Electrostatic fields, including boundary-value problems and multipole expansion. Dielectrics, static and variable magnetic fields, magnetic materials. Maxwell's equations. Prerequisites: PHYSICS 81; MATH 52 and MATH 53. Pre- or corequisite: PHYS 111 or MATH 131P or MATH 173 or Math 220.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA

PHYSICS 130: Quantum Mechanics I

The origins of quantum mechanics and wave mechanics. Schr¿dinger equation and solutions for one-dimensional systems. Commutation relations. Generalized uncertainty principle. Time-energy uncertainty principle. Separation of variables and solutions for three-dimensional systems; application to a hydrogen atom. Spherically symmetric potentials and angular momentum eigenstates. Spin angular momentum. Addition of angular momentum. Prerequisites: (PHYSICS 65 or PHYSICS 70 or PHYSICS 71) and (PHYSICS 111 or MATH 131P or MATH 173 or MATH 220) and PHYSICS 120.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-FR, WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Burchat, P. (PI)

PSYC 17N: Think Before You Drink: Neurocircuitry of Alcohol Use Across the Developmental Lifespan

Alcohol is the most commonly used substance of abuse across the world. In the United States, approximately 179 million individuals (65% of the population) drank alcohol in the past year. A relatively small, but highly significant portion of these individuals who drink ultimately reach criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Today, almost 15 million people in the U.S. struggle with an AUD. Many decades of research have sought to uncover the brain-based driving forces behind alcohol misuse, the consequences of alcohol on brain function and structure, and how we can effectively treat Alcohol Use Disorder. This course will first cover our current understanding of the brain circuits the drive alcohol craving, use and withdrawal. Then, we will explore alcohol¿s effects on the brain throughout the lifespan, ranging from prenatal alcohol exposure, adolescence, young adults (including binge drinking in college), middle adulthood, and aging individuals at risk for cognitive decline. Lastly, this course will cover the state-of-the-art techniques being developed to help individuals achieve sobriety and recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder. This highly interactive seminar will engage and equips students with skills in critical thinking, evaluation of scientific research, and a deeper understanding of AUD as a brain-based disease. Students will have the opportunity to engage in thoughtful discussions with treatment providers and AUD patients to gain a deeper understanding of the realities behind AUD treatment. Overall, this course is intended to help students develop strong skills in thinking and reading like a scientist, understanding the complexities behind alcohol use and misuse across the lifespan, and considering the reality of today¿s treatment landscape for Alcohol Use Disorder.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

PSYC 52N: The Neuroscience of Stress and Reward: Circuit Fundamentals of Emotional Arousal

How do our brains translate thoughts and experiences into feelings of pain or pleasure? Why do some people struggle more than others with social isolation, addictive habits, poor quality sleep, unexpected life challenges, or societal pressures? More importantly, what can we do about it? This course provides an introduction to studies from psychology, neurobiology, and psychiatry that explain fundamentals of emotions & behavior. We will focus on the underlying neural basis of mental health conditions like anxiety, insomnia, and addiction, while also covering the science of resilience. Students will learn foundational concepts that build knowledge in core areas of neuroscience.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

PSYC 54N: Genes, Memes and Behavior

Examines how natural selection operates to shape successful genes in the gene pool, how cultural selection operates to shape successful memes in the pool of cultural ideas, and how selection by consequences operates to shape successful behaviors in our repertoires. Topics include cases in which selection produces undesirable consequences (e.g. genetic mutations, cultural problems, and aberrant behaviors in children). Emphasis on understanding the role of modern natural science in complex behaviors and why study of human life from an interdisciplinary perspective is important.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Hall, S. (PI)

PSYC 83: Addictions in our World: From Physiology to Human Behavior

Addiction is a powerful brain-based behavioral disorder that interferes with many lives. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health has estimated 21.5 million Americans aged 12 and older are classified as having a substance use disorder, an extraordinary 8.1% of the population. The field of mental health is advancing the understanding of this disorder through research, education, innovation and policy guidance. This class aims to help students better understand the struggles of addiction in our world by discussing many components involved in the disease including: physiology, psychology, treatment options, and the societal implications of addiction.nnStudents will engage in thought-provoking between psychology, neuroscience, and society. They will develop the knowledge-base and framework to critically evaluate the science behind addiction and how to apply this knowledge to address the addiction epidemic in our world. As technology advances, many new types of addiction are emerging, creating an additional urgent need to discuss the implications this burgeoning problem. This highly interactive seminar aims to engage the students in critical thinking didactics, activities and discussions that shape their understanding of the complexity inherent to the issues surrounding addiction, and increase the student¿s ability to more critically assimilate and interrogate information.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

PSYC 135: Dement's Sleep and Dreams (PSYC 235)

Dr. William Dement created Sleep and Dreams in 1971, the world's first university course devoted to the science of sleep. Upon his retirement he selected Dr. Rafael Pelayo to be his successor, but he continued to participate in class until his passing in the summer of 2020. To honor his legacy in perpetuity, Dr.Pelayo renamed the course 'Dement's Sleep Dreams' as he had promised him he would. The goal is to retain the original spirit of the course as the content is continuously updated to reflect current state of sleep science. The course is designed to impart essential knowledge of the neuroscience of sleep and covers how sleep affects our daily lives. The course covers normal sleep and dreams, as well as common sleep disorders. Course content empowers students to make educated decisions concerning sleep and alertness for the rest of their lives and shapes students' attitudes about the importance of sleep. Students will keep track of their sleep patterns during the course. They will also participate in an outreach project to help improve awareness of the importance of sleep heath in our community. Undergraduates must enroll in PSYC 135, while graduate students should enroll in PSYC 235.
Terms: Win, Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PSYC 149: The Neurobiology of Sleep (BIO 149, BIO 249, HUMBIO 161, PSYC 261)

The neurochemistry and neurophysiology of changes in brain activity and conscious awareness are associated with changes in the sleep/wake state. Behavioral and neurobiological phenomena include sleep regulation, sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, sleep function, and the molecular biology of sleep. Preference to seniors and graduate students.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SMA

PSYCH 1: Introduction to Psychology

An introduction to the science of how people think, feel, and behave. We will explore such topics as intelligence, perception, memory, happiness, personality, culture, social influence, development, emotion, and mental illness. Students will learn about classic and cutting edge research, a range of methods, and discover how psychology informs our understanding of what it means to be human, addresses other fields, and offers solutions to important social problems. Psych 1 fulfills the SI Way, and, effective Autumn 2018, the SMA Way. For more information on PSYCH 1, visit http://psychone.stanford.edu. Please note that section assignments will be done through Canvas in the first week of class.
Terms: Aut, Win, Spr | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

PSYCH 13Q: Bird Brains and Monkey Business

Can a parrot learn in a social setting? Do apes have culture or moral agency? Although human cognitive processes are in many ways unique and remarkable, nonhuman animals are capable of complex mental behaviors. A fundamental question asked throughout this course is whether human cognitive behaviors are qualitatively different from those observed in animals or whether there is continuity between the mental behavior of other species and humans. Students will learn to think critically about which questions can be answered and how to formulate hypotheses, develop skills in methods and experimental construction, and use logic and evidence to interpret data and justify the various conclusions from the literature.
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

PSYCH 30: Introduction to Perception

Behavioral and neural aspects of perception focusing on visual and auditory perception. Topics include: scientific methods for studying perception, anatomy and physiology of the visual and auditiory systems, color vision, depth perception, motion perception, stereopsis, visual recognition, pitch and loudness perception, speech perception, and reorganization of the visual system in the blind.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

PSYCH 50: Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience

How does our brain give rise to our abilities to perceive, act and think? Survey of the basic facts, empirical evidence, theories and methods of study in cognitive neuroscience exploring how cognition is instantiated in neural activity. Representative topics include perceptual and motor processes, decision making, learning and memory, attention, reward processing, reinforcement learning, sensory inference and cognitive control.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER: DB-NatSci, WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

PSYCH 164: Brain decoding

Can we know what someone is thinking by examining their brain activity? Using knowledge of the human visual system and techniques from machine learning, recent work has shown impressive ability to decode what people are looking at from their brain activity as measured with functional imaging. The course will use a combination of lectures, primary literature readings, discussion and hands-on tutorials to understand this emerging technology from basic knowledge of the perceptual (primarily visual) and other cognitive systems (such as working memory) to tools and techniques used to decode brain activity.Prerequisites: Either Psych 30 or Psych 50 or Consent of Instructor
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

PUBLPOL 183: Human and Planetary Health (MED 103, SOC 103, SUSTAIN 103)

Two of the biggest challenges humanity has to face ? promoting human health and halting environmental degradation ? are strongly linked. Gains in health metrics in the last century have coincided with dramatic and unsustainable planetary-level degradation of environmental and ecological systems. Now, climate change, pollution, and other challenges are threatening the health and survival of communities across the globe. In acknowledging complex interconnections between environment and health, this course highlights how we must use an interdisciplinary approach and systems thinking to develop comprehensive solutions. Through a survey of human & planetary health topics that engages guest speakers across Stanford and beyond, students will develop an understanding of interconnected environmental and health challenges, priority areas of action, and channels for impact. Students enrolling in just the lecture should enroll for 3 units. Students enrolling the lecture and weekly discussion sections should enroll for 4 units.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

RAD 21Q: The Magic of Medical Imaging

For centuries, the only way to know what was happening inside our bodies was to open them up, and look. Everything changed very late in the 19th century and throughout 20th century, with the development of increasingly powerful medical imaging tools such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound. Today, X-rays can depict tiny bone cracks, ultrasound can visualize heart valve dysfunction, CT can map our vascular system, MRI can see small brain defects, and PET imaging can help identify aggressive cancers. In this seminar, we will discuss the magic of medical imaging and the principles and technologies behind these tools that enable seeing inside our body. We will discuss the main medical imaging modalities, and discuss their applications with real life examples. Students will learn about medical imaging as well as about common conditions and diseases, and aspects of human anatomy. Essential components of the seminar include active participation during the discussions and student-led presentations on medical imaging topics of interest. The seminar has no prerequisite other than an interest in medical imaging and curiosity about the human body.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

SOC 103: Human and Planetary Health (MED 103, PUBLPOL 183, SUSTAIN 103)

Two of the biggest challenges humanity has to face ? promoting human health and halting environmental degradation ? are strongly linked. Gains in health metrics in the last century have coincided with dramatic and unsustainable planetary-level degradation of environmental and ecological systems. Now, climate change, pollution, and other challenges are threatening the health and survival of communities across the globe. In acknowledging complex interconnections between environment and health, this course highlights how we must use an interdisciplinary approach and systems thinking to develop comprehensive solutions. Through a survey of human & planetary health topics that engages guest speakers across Stanford and beyond, students will develop an understanding of interconnected environmental and health challenges, priority areas of action, and channels for impact. Students enrolling in just the lecture should enroll for 3 units. Students enrolling the lecture and weekly discussion sections should enroll for 4 units.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

SOMGEN 141Q: Can brains be repaired like cars or roads?

Can brains be repaired just like cars or roads? The thought of repairing brains or enhancing them has been a dream of ideal medicine, but is it possible now? To answer that question we need to dive into NeuroEngineering. We will learn the basics of synapse and neural network formation, focusing on neural enhancement and neural repair/regeneration. Through the lenses of tissue, chemical and electrical engineering, we will learn the challenges of repairing/enhancing the brain. We'll also discuss the ethical and political implications. Grounded in Neuroscience, we'll research the latest clinical trials and technology to repair the brain.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
Instructors: ; Vega Leonel, J. (PI)

SUSTAIN 2: Climate and Society

How and why is the climate changing? How might a changing climate affect human society? And what can we do to alter the course of climate change and adapt to any climatic changes that do occur? This course provides an introduction to the natural science and social science of climate change. The focus is on what science tells us about the causes, consequences, and solutions to climate change, as well as on how scientific progress is made on these issues.
Last offered: Winter 2023 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

SUSTAIN 101A: Sustainable Energy for Future Presidents

All people and societies face challenges and opportunities for living sustainably in our world. We must make many difficult and complex decisions in our lives as individuals, citizens, and leaders. Through participation in this course, students will develop the tools and knowledge to make wiser decisions. Students will work through three real sustainable energy problems: How could you reduce the carbon footprint of an average person in the US to the global per capita average? How can Stanford reach its carbon Net Zero goals for various sources of emissions? and How could you make the US electric power sector 100% carbon free by 2035? For each problem, students will work separately and together to identify possible options; evaluate the range of costs and benefits of each; identify economic, social, environmental, and technological barriers and opportunities. They will learn what information is relevant, how to get and use it, how to make and justify good decisions in the context of sustainability. The course is accessible to all undergraduate students, including frosh and sophomores.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

SUSTAIN 103: Human and Planetary Health (MED 103, PUBLPOL 183, SOC 103)

Two of the biggest challenges humanity has to face ? promoting human health and halting environmental degradation ? are strongly linked. Gains in health metrics in the last century have coincided with dramatic and unsustainable planetary-level degradation of environmental and ecological systems. Now, climate change, pollution, and other challenges are threatening the health and survival of communities across the globe. In acknowledging complex interconnections between environment and health, this course highlights how we must use an interdisciplinary approach and systems thinking to develop comprehensive solutions. Through a survey of human & planetary health topics that engages guest speakers across Stanford and beyond, students will develop an understanding of interconnected environmental and health challenges, priority areas of action, and channels for impact. Students enrolling in just the lecture should enroll for 3 units. Students enrolling the lecture and weekly discussion sections should enroll for 4 units.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

SUSTAIN 117: Earth Sciences of the Hawaiian Islands (EARTHSYS 117, ESS 117)

Progression from volcanic processes through rock weathering and soil-ecosystem development to landscape evolution. The course starts with an investigation of volcanic processes, including the volcano structure, origin of magmas, physical-chemical factors of eruptions. Factors controlling rock weathering and soil development, including depth and nutrient levels impacting plant ecosystems, are explored next. Geomorphic processes of landscape evolution including erosion rates, tectonic/volcanic activity, and hillslope stability conclude the course. Methods for monitoring and predicting eruptions, defining spatial changes in landform, landform stability, soil production rates, and measuring biogeochemical processes are covered throughout the course. This course is restricted to students accepted into the Earth Systems of Hawaii Program.
Last offered: Autumn 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA

THINK 61: Living with Viruses

By examining this interplay of viruses and culture, this course challenges students to think beyond conventional disciplinary distinctions through questions about the impact of biology on human behavior as well as the potential of humans to shape biology through genetic engineering. The specific goals of this course are to engage students to examine the microbial world and how they interact with it. We will examine three overreaching questions: How do viruses effect our lives? How have they shaped our culture? How will they shape our future? Topics covered will include the question of whether a virus is alive, the importance of immunity, and the role of viruses in not only human culture but what makes us distinctly human.
Last offered: Winter 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: College, THINK, WAY-SMA

THINK 65: Preventing Human Extinction

Is human extinction inevitable? Is it necessarily bad for the planet? What might we do to avert human extinction? 99.9% of all species that have inhabited the planet are extinct, suggesting our extinction is also a distinct probability. Yet, the subject of human extinction is one that poses deeply disturbing implications for the thinkers themselves, namely us humans. This course will explore a series of plausible scenarios that could produce human extinction within the next 100 years and simultaneously consider the psychological, social, and epistemological barriers that keep us from seriously considering (and potentially averting) these risks. Students will . . .
Last offered: Spring 2022 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: College, THINK, WAY-SI, WAY-SMA

THINK 68: Our Genome

Genomes reveal a wealth of information with implications far beyond the linear sequence of the DNA. We will consider two questions related to the genome, coupled with examples from real-life consequences. Firstly, what does the genome say about our past: where we came from and how we might fit into the tapestry of the human race? We will look at examples from history and anonymized patients to highlight the consequences of these question for people. Next we will consider what the genome tells us about the future: how might it foretell our individual future and how might this be translated into patient treatment? We will examine the promises, pitfalls, and implications for the advances in medicine and healthcare promised by genomic research.
Last offered: Autumn 2021 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: College, THINK, WAY-SMA

URBANST 109: Physics of Cities

An introduction to the modern study of complex systems with cities as an organizing focus. Topics will include: cities as interacting systems; cities as networks; flows of resources and information through cities; principles of organization, self-organization, and complexity; how the properties of cities scale with size; and human movement patterns. No particular scientific background is required, but comfort with basic mathematics will be assumed. Prerequisites: MATH 19 and 20, or the equivalent
Last offered: Spring 2020 | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-SMA
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