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CLASSGEN 6N: To Die For: Antigone and Political Dissent (TAPS 12N)

Preference to freshmen. Tensions inherent in the democracy of ancient Athens; how the character of Antigone emerges in later drama, film, and political thought as a figure of resistance against illegitimate authority; and her relevance to contemporary struggles for women's and workers' rights and national liberation. Readings and screenings include versions of Antigone by Sophocles, Anouilh, Brecht, Fugard/Kani/Ntshona, Paulin, Glowacki, Gurney, and von Trotta.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-Gender, WAY-EDP, WAY-ER
Instructors: ; Rehm, R. (PI)

CLASSGEN 9: Greek and Latin Roots of English

Goal is to improve vocabulary, comprehension of written English, and standardized test scores through learning the Greek and Latin components of English. Focus is on patterns and processes in the formation of the lexicon. Terminology used in medicine, business, education, law, and humanities; introduction to principles of language history and etymology. Greek or Latin not required.
Terms: Sum | Units: 3
Instructors: ; Kang, S. (PI)

CLASSGEN 17: Gender and Power in Ancient Greece (FEMGEN 17)

Introduction to the sex-gender system of ancient Greece, with comparative material from modern America. How myths, religious rituals, athletics, politics and theater reinforced gender stereotypes and sometimes undermined them. Skills: finding clues, identifying patterns and making connections amongst the components of a strange and beautiful culture very different from our own. Weekly participation in a discussion section is required.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-Gender, WAY-A-II, WAY-EDP

CLASSGEN 18: Greek Mythology

The heroic and divine in the literature, mythology, and culture of archaic Greece. Interdisciplinary approach to the study of individuals and society. Illustrated lectures. Readings in translation of Homer, Hesiod, Herodotus, and the poets of lyric and tragedy. Weekly participation in a discussion section is required.
Terms: Spr, Sum | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II

CLASSGEN 19SI: Greek Mythology and Popular Culture

This course will explore the relationship between Greek mythology and popular culture, using God of War III as an outline for the class and as the foundation on which we will perform our analyses. The myths and characters encountered in every chapter of the game will be highlighted each week and discussed in the context of the game as well as in the context of relevant popular cultures examples from comic books, television, music, and film.
Terms: Aut | Units: 2
Instructors: ; Martin, R. (PI)

CLASSGEN 24N: Sappho: Erotic Poetess of Lesbos (FEMGEN 24N)

Preference to freshmen. Sappho's surviving fragments in English; traditions referring to or fantasizing about her disputed life. How her poetry and legend inspired women authors and male poets such as Swinburne, Baudelaire, and Pound. Paintings inspired by Sappho in ancient and modern times, and composers who put her poetry to music.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-Gender, WAY-CE, WAY-EDP
Instructors: ; Peponi, A. (PI)

CLASSGEN 34: Ancient Athletics

How the Olympic Games developed and how they were organized. Many other Greek festivals featured sport and dance competitions, including some for women, and showcased the citizen athlete as a civic ideal. Roman athletics in contrast saw the growth of large-scale spectator sports and professional athletes. Some toured like media stars; others regularly risked death in gladiatorial contests and chariot-racing. We will also explore how large-scale games were funded and how they fostered the development of sports medicine. Weekly participation in a discussion section is required; enroll in sections on coursework.
Terms: Win, Sum | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II, WAY-SI

CLASSGEN 61N: Classical California

California's collections of Greco-Roman antiquities present several opportunities: to learn about ancient Greek and Roman societies via their artifacts; to trace the microhistories of particular collections; to gain a sense of how those specific narratives reflect more general patterns of Californian and US pasts; and finally to reflect on the nature of collecting and the ethics involved. This course will combine visits to collections on campus and field trips farther afield (San Francisco, San Simeon and Malibu) with classroom discussion.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
Instructors: ; Parker, G. (PI)

CLASSGEN 81: Philosophy and Literature (COMPLIT 181, ENGLISH 81, FRENCH 181, GERMAN 181, ITALIAN 181, PHIL 81, SLAVIC 181)

Required gateway course for Philosophical and Literary Thought; crosslisted in departments sponsoring the Philosophy and Literature track: majors should register in their home department; non-majors may register in any sponsoring department. Introduction to major problems at the intersection of philosophy and literature. Issues may include authorship, selfhood, truth and fiction, the importance of literary form to philosophical works, and the ethical significance of literary works. Texts include philosophical analyses of literature, works of imaginative literature, and works of both philosophical and literary significance. Authors may include Plato, Montaigne, Nietzsche, Borges, Beckett, Barthes, Foucault, Nussbaum, Walton, Nehamas, Pavel, and Pippin. Taught in English.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II

CLASSGEN 86: Exploring the New Testament (RELIGST 86)

The New Testament is many things to many people. Around the globe, it is and has been for two millennia a source of culture, law, and faith. It has been used both to undergird battles for civil rights and to fight against them. It has been used both to justify wars and to argue that all war is unjust. Yet, many people haven¿t read the New Testament and still more haven¿t looked at it from historical, sociological, comparative and literary frameworks. This course will provide you the opportunity to read the New Testament and to study it closely. We will ask questions of the New Testament about the early Jesus movement, how it fits into its historical context and how it developed. We will look at the range of opinions and views about Jesus present in this literature. We will explore the different genres used by early Christians. We will examine how this set of Early Christian texts came to be considered the canon.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
Instructors: ; Copeland, K. (PI)

CLASSGEN 106: Priests, Prophets, and Kings: Religion and Society in Late Antique Iran (CLASSGEN 206, RELIGST 209, RELIGST 309)

From India to the Levant and from the Caspian Sea to the Arabian Peninsula, the Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE) was the dominant power in the Middle East till the advent of Islam. Diverse religious institutions and social practices of the Zoroastrians, Manicheans, Jews, and Christians in late antique Iran. Complex relationships between the Zoroastrian priesthood, the Sasanian monarchs, and these minority religions within the context of imperial rule. Profound religious and social changes that occurred with the Islamic conquests of Iran as well as examine the rich cultural continuities that survived from the Pre-Islamic past.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-SI
Instructors: ; Vevaina, Y. (PI)

CLASSGEN 109: Emperor, Explorer, and God: Alexander the Great in the Global Imagination (RELIGST 109)

This course will survey the changing image of Alexander the Great from the Hellenistic world to the contemporary. We shall study the appropriation of his life and legend in a variety of cultures both East and West and discuss his reception as both a divine and a secular figure by examining a variety of media including texts (primary and secondary) and images (statues, coins, mosaics, illuminated manuscripts, film, and TV) in the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Jewish, Islamic, Medieval, Renaissance, and Early Modern contexts. In concluding the quarter, students will evaluate contemporary representations in film and popular culture, such as Alexander directed by Oliver Stone and Pop Art in order to better appreciate his enduring legacy.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
Instructors: ; Vevaina, Y. (PI)

CLASSGEN 110: Introduction to Greek Tragedy (TAPS 167)

Gods and heroes, fate and free choice, gender conflict, the justice or injustice of the universe: these are just some of the fundamental human issues that we will explore in about ten of the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
Instructors: ; McCall, M. (PI)

CLASSGEN 116: Ecology in Philosophy and Literature

The basic principles of ecological thinking, exploring the ways that different writers represent and relate to the natural world. Some key questions: What is nature, and where do humans fit in the natural world? How exactly do humans differ from other animals? Do these differences make us superior beings? What are our ethical responsibilities towards the earth and its inhabitants? In what ways have the technologies of writing, television, and computers affected humankind's relationship to the natural world?
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER:EC-EthicReas, WAY-A-II, WAY-ER
Instructors: ; Nightingale, A. (PI)

CLASSGEN 123: Urban Sustainability: Long-Term Archaeological Perspectives (CLASSGEN 223, URBANST 115)

Comparative and archaeological view of urban design and sustainability. How fast changing cities challenge human relationships with nature. Innovation and change, growth, industrial development, the consumption of goods and materials. Five millennia of city life including Near Eastern city states, Graeco-Roman antiquity, the Indus Valley, and the Americas.
Terms: Win | Units: 3-5

CLASSGEN 132: Early Christian Gospels (RELIGST 132D)

An exploration of Christian gospels of the first and second century. Emphasis on the variety of images and interpretations of Jesus and the good news, the broader Hellenistic and Jewish contexts of the gospels, the processes of developing and transmitting gospels, and the creation of the canon. Readings include the Gospel of John, the Gospel of Mark, the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Mary and other canonical and non-canonical gospels.
Last offered: Winter 2013 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II

CLASSGEN 139: Ancient Medicine

Contemporary medical practice traces its origins to the creation of scientific medicine by Greek doctors such as Hippocrates and Galen. Is this something of which modern medicine can be proud? The scientific achievements and ethical limitations of ancient medicine when scientific medicine was no more than another form of alternative medicine. Scientific medicine competed in a marketplace of ideas where the boundaries between scientific and social aspects of medicine were difficult to draw.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-SI
Instructors: ; Netz, R. (PI)

CLASSGEN 153: Images of Women in Ancient China and Greece (CHINGEN 143, CHINGEN 243, CLASSGEN 253)

Representation of women in ancient Chinese and Greek texts. How men viewed women and what women had to say about themselves and their societies. Primary readings in poetry, drama, and didactic writings. Relevance for understanding modern concerns; use of comparison for discovering historical and cultural patterns.
Last offered: Winter 2013 | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:EC-Gender, WAY-EDP, WAY-SI

CLASSGEN 176: Majors Seminar

Required of Classics majors and minors in junior or senior year; students contemplating honors should take this course in junior year. Advanced skills course involving close reading, critical thinking, editing, and writing. In-class and take-home writing and revising exercises. Final paper topic may be on any subject related to Classics. Fulfills WIM requirement for Classics.
Terms: Win | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
Instructors: ; Peponi, A. (PI)

CLASSGEN 189: Imperishable Heroes and Unblemished Goddesses: Myth, Ritual, and Epic in Ancient Iran (CLASSGEN 289, RELIGST 209E, RELIGST 309E)

Designed as a broad introduction to the world of ancient Iran, students will be introduced to the Indo-European inheritance in ancient Iranian culture; the shared world of ritual, religion, and mythology between Zoroastrianism in Iran and Vedic Hinduism in India; and to the contours of early Zoroastrian religious thought. We will also survey mythoepic literature in translation from the archaic Avesta through the late antique Zoroastrian Middle Persian corpus to the early medieval national epic of Iran, the Book of Kings of Ferdowsi.
Last offered: Spring 2013 | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-SI

CLASSGEN 205A: The Semantics of Grammar

Supplements CLASSLAT/CLASSGRK 275. 205A: Tense, Aspect, Argument Structure, Location. 205B: Quantification, Plurality, Modification, Negation, Modality.
Terms: Aut | Units: 2
Instructors: ; Devine, A. (PI)

CLASSGEN 205B: The Semantics of Grammar

Supplements CLASSLAT/CLASSGRK 275. 205A: Tense, Aspect, Argument Structure, Location. 205B: Quantification, Plurality, Modification, Negation, Modality.
Terms: Win | Units: 2
Instructors: ; Devine, A. (PI)

CLASSGEN 206: Priests, Prophets, and Kings: Religion and Society in Late Antique Iran (CLASSGEN 106, RELIGST 209, RELIGST 309)

From India to the Levant and from the Caspian Sea to the Arabian Peninsula, the Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE) was the dominant power in the Middle East till the advent of Islam. Diverse religious institutions and social practices of the Zoroastrians, Manicheans, Jews, and Christians in late antique Iran. Complex relationships between the Zoroastrian priesthood, the Sasanian monarchs, and these minority religions within the context of imperial rule. Profound religious and social changes that occurred with the Islamic conquests of Iran as well as examine the rich cultural continuities that survived from the Pre-Islamic past.
Terms: Spr | Units: 4-5
Instructors: ; Vevaina, Y. (PI)

CLASSGEN 208A: Survey of Greek and Latin Literature: Archaic Greek

Required two-year sequence focusing on the origins, development, and interaction of Greek and Latin literature, history, and philosophy. Greek and Latin material taught in alternate years.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-5
Instructors: ; Martin, R. (PI)

CLASSGEN 208B: Survey of Greek and Latin Literature: Classical Greek

Required two-year sequence focusing on the origins, development, and interaction of Greek and Latin literature, history, and philosophy. Greek and Latin material taught in alternate years.
Terms: Win | Units: 3-5
Instructors: ; O'Connell, P. (PI)

CLASSGEN 208C: Survey of Greek and Latin Literature: Hellenistic and Late Greek

Required two-year sequence focusing on the origins, development, and interaction of Greek and Latin literature, history, and philosophy. Greek and Latin material taught in alternate years.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-5
Instructors: ; Stephens, S. (PI)

CLASSGEN 20N: Mapping the Mediterranean

A sample of premodern material from among the various ways the Mediterranean sea and adjacent lands have been represented over the centuries. This will involve both maps in the conventional sense and also texts and documents (inscriptions and papyri). Much of the material involves actual travel. What kinds of power dynamics have been implicated in such representations? Texts will include extracts from Homer's Odyssey; the Hebrew Bible; ancient Egyptian literature; and the Hereford Mappa Mundi.
| Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

CLASSGEN 219: Introduction to Latin Epigraphy

How to engage with epigraphic evidence through translation and contextualization of inscriptions. The materiality of inscriptions, geographical variation, and current scholarly debates in scholarship. How to use this evidence in research.
Terms: Win | Units: 2-3

CLASSGEN 223: Urban Sustainability: Long-Term Archaeological Perspectives (CLASSGEN 123, URBANST 115)

Comparative and archaeological view of urban design and sustainability. How fast changing cities challenge human relationships with nature. Innovation and change, growth, industrial development, the consumption of goods and materials. Five millennia of city life including Near Eastern city states, Graeco-Roman antiquity, the Indus Valley, and the Americas.
Terms: Win | Units: 3-5

CLASSGEN 241: Words and Things in the History of Classical Scholarship (HISTORY 303F)

How have scholars used ancient texts and objects since the revival of the classical tradition? How did antiquarians study and depict objects and relate them to texts and reconstructions of the past? What changed and what stayed the same as humanist scholarship gave way to professional archaeologists, historians, and philologists? Focus is on key works in the history of classics, such as Erasmus and Winckelmann, in their scholarly, cultural, and political contexts, and recent critical trends in intellectual history and the history of disciplines.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4-5
Instructors: ; Ceserani, G. (PI)

CLASSGEN 253: Images of Women in Ancient China and Greece (CHINGEN 143, CHINGEN 243, CLASSGEN 153)

Representation of women in ancient Chinese and Greek texts. How men viewed women and what women had to say about themselves and their societies. Primary readings in poetry, drama, and didactic writings. Relevance for understanding modern concerns; use of comparison for discovering historical and cultural patterns.
Last offered: Winter 2013 | Units: 4

CLASSGEN 289: Imperishable Heroes and Unblemished Goddesses: Myth, Ritual, and Epic in Ancient Iran (CLASSGEN 189, RELIGST 209E, RELIGST 309E)

Designed as a broad introduction to the world of ancient Iran, students will be introduced to the Indo-European inheritance in ancient Iranian culture; the shared world of ritual, religion, and mythology between Zoroastrianism in Iran and Vedic Hinduism in India; and to the contours of early Zoroastrian religious thought. We will also survey mythoepic literature in translation from the archaic Avesta through the late antique Zoroastrian Middle Persian corpus to the early medieval national epic of Iran, the Book of Kings of Ferdowsi.
Last offered: Spring 2013 | Units: 3-5

CLASSGEN 300A: Gateways to Classics

This seminar focuses on skills involved in the detailed study of Greek and Latin texts. Emphasis on methodologies and approaches, with attention both to histories of the disciplines and to new developments. Assignments provide hands-on experience of research skills. Taught by various faculty members; readings to be assigned by faculty, meets five times per quarter.
Terms: Aut | Units: 1
Instructors: ; Parker, G. (PI)

CLASSGEN 311: Paleography of Medieval and Early Modern Manuscripts (DLCL 209, ENGLISH 209, HISTORY 309G, RELIGST 204)

Introductory course in the history of writing and of the book, from the late antique period until the advent of printing. Opportunity to learn to read and interpret medieval manuscripts through hands-on examination of original materials in Special Collections of Stanford Libraries as well as through digital images. Offers critical training in the reading of manuscripts for students from departments as diverse as Classics, History, Philosophy, Religious Studies, English, and the Division of Languages Cultures and Literatures.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-5
Instructors: ; Treharne, E. (PI)

CLASSGEN 312: The Ancient Sciences of Geography

What could ancient geography achieve? What could it not? And why the gap between the two? Focus is on understanding the goals and techniques of the ancient geographical sciences, spanning the spectrum between literature and mathematics. In ancient culture, how did space matter?
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-5
Instructors: ; Netz, R. (PI)

CLASSGEN 335: Collecting in Antiquity

What is at stake with the phenomenon of collecting? Selected Latin texts provide the starting point: Cicero's "Verrine orations", the Elder Pliny's "Natural History" and Martial's 'Epigrams" (books 13 and 14). Is Cicero's prosecution of Verres really the origin of the modern debate about cultural property? (Miles, "Art as Plunder") In the second part of the course we shall consider some modern collections of ancient art (early modern "Wunderkammer"; Cantor Art Center; Getty Villa).
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-5
Instructors: ; Parker, G. (PI)

CLASSGEN 336: Augustine on Memory, Time, and the Self

This course examines Augustine's "Confessions" as an autobiographical discourse. It investigates his theories of memory and of time and address different theories of the "self." How does memory and the passing of time affect the notion of the self? Does Augustine's "subjective" theory of time offer an identifiable self? Is the self constructed by narratives? We will locate these issues in their cultural context by investigating Christian and pagan discourses and practices in Late Antiquity.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-5
Instructors: ; Nightingale, A. (PI)

CLASSGEN 339: Workshop on Teaching Classics in the Digital Age

An interactive exploration and assessment of digital resources available for teaching language and lecture-based Classical subjects. Classes will alternate between presentations by experienced users or designers of digital media and hands-on experience and evaluation by students. Topics include interactive websites, multi-media presentation tools, wikis and blogs, teaching with e-texts, working with audio and video, learning assessment and feedback loops, copyright and intellectual property issues. Assessment scaled for unit load: design of a course integrating three or more digital features.
Terms: Aut | Units: 2-4
Instructors: ; Stephens, S. (PI)

CLASSGEN 38A: Ancient Page to Modern Stage

Students create and reflect upon modern performances of Ancient Greek and Latin texts; no knowledge of Ancient Greek or Latin necessary. Gain experience in various aspects of adaptation and performance, including modernization, writing for performance, production design, directing, and acting. Readings will range from dramatic and non-dramatic texts from Ancient Greece and Rome, with different professional adaptations supplemented with video and visual material. We will explore the choices and issues at stake in reinterpreting an ancient text for modern performance, and investigate what makes a successful production. Most importantly, students will work individually and in groups to develop and perform original adaptations of their own.
| Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
Instructors: ; Sheppard, A. (PI)

CLASSGEN 66: Herodotus

For Ancient History field of study majors; others by consent of instructor. Close reading technique. Historical background to the Greco-Persian Wars; ancient views of empire, culture, and geography; the wars and their aftermath; ancient ethnography and historiography, including the first narrative of ancient Egypt.
| Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

CLASSGEN 117: The Language of Homer

A linguistic introduction to the history of the Greek language by way of focussed readings and intensive analysis of Homeric poetry. Attention will be given to problems of diachronic change, including developments in morphology tied to the demands of the hexameter; phenomena related to loss of digamma, vowel contractions, and diectasis; particle usage; development of the definite article; preposed relative clauses; and the dialect mix represented in the Homeric Kunstsprache. In addition to 80-100 pages of densely-packed handbook reading each week in English, students will be expected to complete weekly reading assignments in either French or German, and required reading of appx. 300 lines of Greek per session.
| Units: 4-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

CLASSGEN 126B: Jewish-Christian Relations in Antiquity (RELIGST 226D)

Constructions of identity, community, ethnicity: these nnconsiderations frame the investigation of ancient Christian rhetoric nnand theology contra Iudaeos. This historical project will be set nnwithin the larger intellectual and cultural context of a) learned nnGraeco-Roman traditions of ethnic stereotyping; b) forensic nnrhetoric; and c) philosophical paideia; and these nntraditions will be considered within their larger social context of the Mediterranean nncity (I-III). Specifically, various Christian, and especially Latin nntraditions contra Iudaeos (IV-VI) will be studied.
| Units: 1-2

CLASSGEN 149: Ancient and Modern Medicine

Imagine a world where the Universe has a built-in purpose and point. How would this belief impact man's place in nature? Imagine a world where natural substances have "powers." How might this impact diet and pharmacology? Magical vs. scientific healing: a clear divide? Disease and dehumanization: epilepsy, rabies. Physical and mental health: black bile and melancholy. The ethical and scientific assumptions hidden in medical language and imagery. How ancient medicine and modern medicine (especially alternative medicine) illuminate each other.
| Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

CLASSGEN 159: Winged Bulls and Sun Disks: Religion and Politics in the Persian Empire (CLASSGEN 259, RELIGST 229, RELIGST 329)

Since Herodotus in the 5th century BCE, the Persian Empire has been represented as the exemplar of oriental despotism and imperial arrogance, a looming presence and worthy foil for the West and Greek democracy. History of the Achaemenid Empire, beginning with the rise of the Medes in the 7th century BCE to the fall of the Achaemenids to Alexander the Great's armies in 331 BCE. Focus on the intimate relationship between religion and empire and will also survey the diverse cultural institutions and religious practices found within the Empire. Evaluate contemporary representations of the Persians in politics and popular culture, such as the recent film "300" and the graphic novel on which it is based, in an attempt to better appreciate the enduring cultural legacy of the Greco-Persian wars.
| Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum

CLASSGEN 207A: Survey of Greek and Latin Literature: Literature of the Roman Republic

First course in a required two-year sequence. Focus is on the origins, development, and interaction of Greek and Latin literature, history, and philosophy. Greek and Latin material taught in alternate years. Focus is on translation, textual criticism, genre, the role of Greece in shaping Roman literature, and oral versus written discourse.
| Units: 3-5

CLASSGEN 207B: Survey of Greek and Latin Literature: Augustan Age Latin

Required two-year sequence focusing on the origins, development, and interaction of Greek and Latin literature, history, and philosophy. Texts of Augustan literature required by the graduate syllabus, emphasizing poetry and major authors.
| Units: 3-5

CLASSGEN 207C: Survey of Greek and Latin Literature: Imperial Latin

Required two-year sequence focusing on the origins, development, and interaction of Greek and Latin literature, history, and philosophy. Greek and Latin material taught in alternate years.
| Units: 3-5

CLASSGEN 229: Classical Epic and the English Renaissance

The reception of Greek and Latin epics in 16th- and 17th-century England. How were the ancient epics read and interpreted? What kinds of commentary were being used and written? The creative appropriation of the ancient epics in new poems: Spenser and Milton set against the background of less well-known epics of the period, with focus on civil war epics.
| Units: 3-5

CLASSGEN 243: Second Sophistic Science

Scientific works from the Roman Empire. Focus is on how such works can be understood within the wider context of the Greco-Roman civilization of the Roman Empire, not only of Roman imperial science but also of Roman imperial civilization as a whole. Readings depend on student interests but may begin with Vitruvius, Nicomachus, Galen, and Ptolemy. Readings in translation.
| Units: 3-4

CLASSGEN 259: Winged Bulls and Sun Disks: Religion and Politics in the Persian Empire (CLASSGEN 159, RELIGST 229, RELIGST 329)

Since Herodotus in the 5th century BCE, the Persian Empire has been represented as the exemplar of oriental despotism and imperial arrogance, a looming presence and worthy foil for the West and Greek democracy. History of the Achaemenid Empire, beginning with the rise of the Medes in the 7th century BCE to the fall of the Achaemenids to Alexander the Great's armies in 331 BCE. Focus on the intimate relationship between religion and empire and will also survey the diverse cultural institutions and religious practices found within the Empire. Evaluate contemporary representations of the Persians in politics and popular culture, such as the recent film "300" and the graphic novel on which it is based, in an attempt to better appreciate the enduring cultural legacy of the Greco-Persian wars.
| Units: 3-5

CLASSGEN 338: Aristotle and the Object of Mathematical Reasoning (PHIL 318)

The concept of definition plays a central role in Aristotle's treatment of both philosophical and scientific inquiry, as well as explanation. A definition is an account of what something is, and some definitions are used to guide causal inquiry whereas others function as explanatory starting points. In this course we will examine texts from his logic, natural science and metaphysics in order to see what the different kinds of definition are, how they obtained, and how they are capture the nature or essence of a definable object. Particular attention will be given to the role of matter in the definition of the form of a natural substance, state, process or activity. For instance, what role does a specification of physiological processes play in the definitions of emotions such as anger? No knowledge of Greek is required. May be repeat for credit.
| Units: 4 | Repeatable 3 times (up to 12 units total)
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